Table 1.
Characterization of patients with RR-AML in FLAG and DAC groups
| Characteristics | Overall | FLAG
|
DAC
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | % | Number of patients | % | ||
| Patients | 35 | 18 | 51.4 | 17 | 48.6 |
| Classification | |||||
| Refractory | 23 | 12 | 83.3 | 11 | 64.7 |
| Relapsed | 12 | 6 | 16.7 | 6 | 35.3 |
| Age (years) | |||||
| <20 | 15 | 8 | 44.4 | 7 | 41.2 |
| 20–39 | 8 | 5 | 27.8 | 3 | 17.6 |
| 40–60 | 8 | 4 | 22.2 | 4 | 23.5 |
| >60 | 4 | 1 | 5.6 | 3 | 17.6 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 20 | 10 | 55.6 | 10 | 58.8 |
| Female | 15 | 8 | 44.4 | 7 | 41.2 |
| Initial WBC count (×109) | |||||
| <4 | 9 | 6 | 33.3 | 3 | 17.6 |
| 4–10 | 7 | 3 | 16.7 | 4 | 23.5 |
| >10 | 19 | 9 | 50.0 | 10 | 58.8 |
| Initial cytogenetics | |||||
| Normal | 14 | 8 | 44.4 | 6 | 35.3 |
| Abnomal | 21 | 10 | 55.6 | 11 | 64.7 |
| Fusion genes | |||||
| AML1/ETO | 5 | 4 | 22.2 | 1 | 5.9 |
| CBFB-MYH11 | 2 | 2 | 11.8 | ||
| ETO | 4 | 2 | 11.1 | 2 | 11.8 |
| EVI1 | 1 | 1 | 5.9 | ||
| HOX11 | 2 | 1 | 5.6 | 1 | 5.9 |
| P210 | 3 | 2 | 11.1 | 1 | 5.9 |
| PML-Rara | 1 | 1 | 5.9 | ||
| MLL-AF9 | 1 | 1 | 5.6 | ||
| Mutation | |||||
| WT1 | 33 | 17 | 94.4 | 16 | 94.1 |
| FLT3 | 20 | 10 | 55.6 | 10 | 58.8 |
| NPM1 | 13 | 5 | 27.8 | 8 | 47.1 |
| Subtypes | |||||
| M1 | 1 | 1 | 5.6 | ||
| M2 | 22 | 13 | 72.2 | 9 | 52.9 |
| M3 | 1 | 1 | 5.9 | ||
| M4 | 4 | 1 | 5.6 | 3 | 17.6 |
| M5 | 4 | 3 | 16.7 | 1 | 5.9 |
| Unknown | 3 | 3 | 17.6 | ||
| Hepatolienal characteristics | |||||
| Hepatomegaly | 2 | 1 | 5.6 | 1 | 5.9 |
| Splenomegaly | 13 | 5 | 27.8 | 8 | 47.1 |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | 5 | 2 | 11.1 | 3 | 17.6 |
| Others | 15 | 10 | 55.6 | 5 | 29.4 |
| Frontline therapy | |||||
| HAD | 32 | 18 | 100 | 14 | 82.4 |
| DA | 10 | 2 | 11.1 | 8 | 47.1 |
| MA | 14 | 7 | 38.9 | 7 | 41.2 |
| IA | 10 | 5 | 27.8 | 5 | 29.4 |
| CAG | 3 | 1 | 5.6 | 2 | 11.8 |
| ATO | 1 | 1 | 5.9 | ||
| FA | 1 | 1 | 5.9 | ||
| Remission duration after frontline therapy | |||||
| <3 months | 6 | 4 | 22.2 | 2 | 11.8 |
| 3–6 months | 5 | 1 | 5.6 | 4 | 23.5 |
| >6 months | 1 | 1 | 5.6 | ||
| Therapeutic response | |||||
| CR | 17 | 6 | 33.3 | 11 | 64.8 |
| PR | 10 | 4 | 22.2 | 6 | 35.3 |
| NR | 8 | 8 | 44.4 | 0 | 0 |
| Consolidated therapy | |||||
| Chemotherapy | |||||
| HAD | 4 | 2 | 11.1 | 2 | 11.8 |
| CAG | 1 | 1 | 5.6 | ||
| IA | 5 | 1 | 5.6 | 4 | 23.5 |
| DA | 2 | 2 | 11.8 | ||
| MA | 2 | 2 | 11.8 | ||
| MAE | 1 | 1 | 5.9 | ||
| alloSCT | |||||
| In remission | 9 | 6 | 33.3 | 3 | 17.6 |
| Outside remission | 2 | 2 | 11.1 | ||
| Treatment-related mortality | 1 | 1 | 5.6 | ||
Abbreviations: ATO, arsenic trioxide; CAG, low-dose cytarabine, aclarubicin and G-CSF; CR, complete remission; DA, daunorubicin and cytarabine; DAC, low-dose decitabine with aclacinomycin and cytarabine; FA, fludarabine and cytarabine; FLAG, fludarabine in combination with cytarabine and G-CSF; HAD, homoharringtonine, cytarabine and daunorubicin; IA, idarubicin and cytarabine; MA, mitoxantrone and cytarabine; MAE, mitoxantrone, cytarabine and etoposide; NR, no response; PR, partial response; RR-AML, relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia; SCT, stem cell transplantation; WBC, white blood cell count.