Table 3.

Sources of heterogeneity reporting CA-MRSA carriage prevalence among general members

Source of heterogeneity	Community settings			Hospital setting
	Number of studies	Prevalence/rangea (%)	Omnibus P-value	Number of studies	Prevalence/rangea (%)	Omnibus P-value
Gender
Female	3	0.6–4.0	0.904	2	1.7–12.5	0.93
Male	3	0.0–3.7		2	2.1–9.1
Settings
Outpatient or emergency visits	3	1.1–23.5	0.389	–	–	–
Othersb	6	0.0–16.5		–	–
Isolation sites
Single	4	0.3–3.8	0.019	6	0.7–3.6	0.531
Multiple	4	1.1–23.5		3	0.9–10.4
Study year (start year)
2000–2004	2	3.5–16.5	0.554	0	–	0.388
2005–2009	5	0.0–23.5		5	0.9–3.4
2010–2016	2	0.3–7.9		4	0.7–10.4
Study year (mid-year)
2000–2004	1	3.5	0.960	0	–	0.445
2005–2009	6	0.0–23.5		4	0.9–3.4
2010–2016	2	0.3–7.9		5	0.7–10.4
Study year (end-year)
2000–2004	1	3.5	0.460	0	–	0.445
2005–2009	5	0.3–23.5		4	0.9–3.4
2010–2016	3	0.0–7.9		5	0.7–10.4
Publication year
2000–2008	1	3.5	0.639	0	–	0.380
2009–2014	7	0.0–23.5		5	0.9–10.4
2015–2016	1	0.3		4	0.7–3.6
Definition of CA-MRSA
Presence	3	0.0–23.5	0.838	5	0.9–10.4	0.627
Absence	6	0.3–16.5		4	0.7–3.6
Countries’ status
High-mortality developing	2	16.5–23.5	<0.0001	2	0.7–2.3	0.350
Low-mortality developing	5	0.3–7.9		4	1.8–3.6
Developed	2	0.0–0.3		3	0.9–10.4
Laboratory procedures
CLSI guidelines	7	0.3–23.5	0.082	7	0.7–10.4	0.944
No specific guideline	2	0.0–1.1		2	2.6–2.8

Notes:

^aPrevalence within subgroups with >1 study included was presented as range, otherwise a single prevalence was presented.

^bOthers include urban and rural areas of communities, schools, and day-care centers.

Abbreviations: CA-MRSA, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.