Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the cohort.
| Variable | Cohort (N = 44) |
|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |
| Ethnicity | Caucasian: 23 (52.3%), Black: 21 (47.7%) |
| Maternal age | < 20 years: 7 (15.9%), > 20 years: 37 (84.1%) |
| Illicit drug use | None: 40 (91%), at least one: 4 (9%) |
| Marital status | Married: 17 (38.6%), Single: 27 (61.4%) |
| Insurance | Private: 20 (45.5%), Public: 24 (54.5%) |
| Birth weight in grams (mean ± sd) | 856 ( ± 280) |
| Gestational age (mean ± sd) | 26 ( ± 2) |
| PMA at study (mean ± sd) | 39 ( ± 2) |
| SGA status, n (%) | 6 (13.6%) |
| Antenatal steroids, n (%) | 29 (66%) |
| CRIB-II score (mean ± sd) | 11 ( ± 3) |
| NEC surgery, n (%) | 7 (15.9%) |
| PDA ligation, n (%) | 6 (13.6%) |
| ROP surgery, n (%) | 13 (29.5%) |
| Post-natal steroids, n (%) | 15 (34.1%) |
| Oxygen therapy at 36 wk., n (%) | 34 (77.3%) |
| Inotropes, n (%) | 21 (47.7%) |
| IVH grade 3–4, n (%) | 19 (43.2%) |
| Moderate/severe injury on MRI at TEA, n (%) | 25 (56.8%) |
| Motor delay, n (%) | 27 (61%) |
| Language delay, n (%) | 23 (52%) |
| Cognitive delay, n (%) | 24 (54%) |
PMA: Post-menstrual age, SGA: Small for gestational age, CRIB-II score: clinical risk index for babies score, NEC: necrotizing enterocolitis, PDA: Patent ductus arteriosus, ROP: retinopathy of prematurity, IVH: Intraventricular hemorrhage, diagnosed by cranial ultrasound.