Exhibit 1.
Expansion states | Nonexpansion states | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Percent | SE | Percent | SE | p value |
Age range (years) | 0.16 | ||||
18–24 | 38.7 | (0.89) | 37.4 | (1.10) | |
25–34 | 25.9 | (0.84) | 24.3 | (0.92) | |
35–44 | 15.8 | (0.77) | 15.3 | (0.88) | |
45–64 | 19.6 | (0.97) | 23.0 | (1.19) | |
Sex | 0.02 | ||||
Male | 60.9 | (0.92) | 63.9 | (0.94) | |
Female | 39.1 | (0.92) | 36.1 | (0.94) | |
Race/ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||||
White, non-Hispanic | 48.8 | (1.02) | 54.6 | (1.17) | |
Black, non-Hispanic | 17.7 | (0.77) | 23.3 | (0.96) | |
Hispanic | 25.2 | (0.94) | 16.8 | (0.93) | |
Other | 8.3 | (0.51) | 5.3 | (0.43) | |
Education level | 0.09 | ||||
Less than high school | 30.4 | (0.88) | 30.4 | (0.98) | |
High school graduate | 29.4 | (0.91) | 27.9 | (1.03) | |
Some college | 10.4 | (0.57) | 8.7 | (0.53) | |
College graduate | 29.7 | (0.96) | 32.9 | (1.11) | |
Substance use disorders in past year | |||||
Alcohol | 79.5 | (0.73) | 82.3 | (0.79) | 0.01 |
Cannabis | 26.1 | (0.77) | 23.1 | (0.83) | 0.007 |
Cocaine | 7.5 | (0.53) | 8.7 | (0.68) | 0.15 |
Heroin | 5.0 | (0.47) | 2.4 | (0.31) | <0.0001 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. NOTES Low-income adults are those with incomes of no more than 138 percent of the federal poverty level. Selected disorders include alcohol, cannabis (marijuana), heroin, and cocaine use disorders. Expansion states are those that expanded Medicaid in 2014 or earlier. There were 8,100 respondents in expansion states and 6,300 in nonexpansion states. p values from chi-square statistics. Because the age groups are mutually exclusive groups, one test statistic was computed; the individual substance use disorders are not mutually exclusive groups, so separate test statistics were computed. SE is standard error.