Table 4. Risk of bias.

Reference	RANDOM sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessment	Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting
Interventions for patients
Bashir, King & Ashworth (1994)	N.R.	H	H	U	L	U
Cormack et al. (1994)	N.R.	L	H	U	U	U
Gorgels et al. (2005)	N.R.	H	H	U	L	U
Tannenbaum et al. (2014)	L	L	L	L	L	L
Ten Wolde et al. (2008)	L	L	U	U	H	U
Stewart et al. (2007)	N.R.	H	H	L	U	U
Heather et al. (2004)	L	U	H	L	H	U
Vicens et al. (2006)	L	L	H	U	L	U
Vicens et al. (2014)	L	L	H	L	L	U
Interventions for HCPs
Avorn et al. (1992)	L	U	U	U	H	U
Batty et al. (2001)	L	U	H	H	U	U
Berings, Blondeel & Habraken (1994)	L	U	H	U	U	U
Midlöv et al. (2006)	L	U	H	U	U	U
Pimlott et al. (2003)	L	U	L	L	U	U
Pit et al. (2007)	L	U	H	L	H	U
Roberts et al. (2001)	L	U	H	U	H	U
Smith et al. (1998)	L	U	H	U	H	U
Smith & Tett (2010)	N.R.	U	H	H	H	U
Interventions for patients and HCPs
Patterson et al. (2010)	L	L	H	U	L	U
Westbury et al. (2010)	N.R.	H	H	U	U	U

Note:

Rating: L, low risk of bias; H, high risk of bias; U, unclear risk of bias; N.R., no relevance (controlled study design).