Figure 5.

Parkin deficiency leads to NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation in macrophages from PD patients. (a–c) Immunofluorescence staining for NLRP3 and A20 in primary macrophages from control subjects (n = 5) and PD patients with PARK2 mutations (n = 6; a), with the corresponding quantifications. NLRP3 levels are significantly higher in PARK2 macrophages treated with LPS + nigericin than in control cells (b), whereas the induction of A20 is weaker (c). (d and e) ELISA revealed significantly higher levels of IL‐1β release from PARK2 macrophages (n = 6) than from control cells (n = 5). (f and g) Graphic representation illustrating the significant inverse correlation between A20 levels and levels of IL‐1β (d) and IL‐18 (e) released from macrophages of controls and patients, treated with LPS‐nigericin (f) or LPS‐ATP (g). n is the number of independent experiments. The error bars indicate the SEM. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. # versus corresponding untreated control (UT) unless otherwise indicated. Scale bars: 10 µm