Table 3.
Examples of selected methods, strategies, parameters and strategies for Performance Objective 1 “mother makes the (informed) decision to have her daughter vaccinated against HPV.”
| Determinants | Theoretical method | Parameter for use | Practical application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beliefs, positive and negative outcome expectancies | Belief selection (TRAa) Active learning (ELMb) |
Requires investigation of the current attitudinal, normative and efficacy beliefs of the individual before choosing the beliefs on which to intervene Requires time, information and skills |
“Facts & Stories”: mother is asked by the mother-like assistant to indicate for various statements, whether they are either a “fact” (true) or a “story” (false).Then, the doctor-like virtual assistant elaborates on correct outcome expectancies, beliefs, misperceptions and omissions. |
| Attitude, ambivalence | Decisional Balance (MIc) | Requires consideration and evaluation of behavior | “Weigh up the pros against the cons”: Mothers are presented with a list of pros and cons of the HPV-vaccination by the mother-like assistant. Based on pros and cons mothers marked as most salient, a decisional balance reveals their current position on a scale ranging between wanting and not-wanting to get my daughter vaccinated. |
| Attitude, ambivalence | Value Clarification (MIc) Modeling (SCTd) |
Requires consideration and evaluation of values Attention, resemblance, self-efficacy and skills, reinforcement of the model, identification with the model, coping model instead of mastery model. | “What are your values?”: Mothers are invited to list their central values for life. Optional, they can find examples of values of other mothers (e.g., being a good parent). They will then be stimulated to relate these to the HPV-vaccination. Here, examples of how these values were related to the HPV-vaccination according to other mothers, were available. |
| Risk perception having received (no) HPV-vaccination | Statistical risk information (HBMe) Consciousness raising (HBMe) Framing (PMTf) |
Can use feedback and confrontation; however, raising awareness must be quickly followed by increase in problem-solving ability and self-efficacy. Requires high self-efficacy expectations. Gain frames are more readily accepted and prevent defensive reactions |
Mother-like assistant asks about mothers' perceived risk perception of her daughter getting infected with HPV and of her daughter developing cervical cancer. Tailored feedback on this perceived risk is then given by the doctor-like assistant. Finally, mothers are provided with statistical risk information (i.e., the probability rates of attracting HPV and cervical cancer). |