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. 2018 Oct 2;9:2242. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02242

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Antibody and cytokine production in vitro by various B-cell subsets. (A) Stimulation of B-cells from healthy controls (HC) with CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) showed that marginal zone (MZ)-like B-cells are the main producers of IgM, whereas switched memory (SwMe) B-cells primarily produces IgG and IgA. (B) Spontaneous Ig production was generally scarce among the different B-cell subsets, but MZ-like B-cells produced IgM spontaneously. (C) B-cells from patients in remission behaved very similar to those from HC concerning antibody production after CpG-B ODN stimulation, with no significant differences between the groups. (D) MZ-like and SwMe B-cells produced most TNF and IL-10 after CpG-B ODN stimulation, but SwMe B-cells from patients produced TNF to a lower extent than SwMe B-cells from HC. There were, however, no differences in the TNF/IL-10 ratio among the various B-cell subsets in patients and HC. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test was used to compare more than two groups with independent observations (A,B), and Mann-Whitney U test was applied in comparisons between two groups with independent observations (C,D). Bars indicate median and inter-quartile range. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.