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. 2018 Oct 2;9:580. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00580

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Copyright © 2018 Rodriguez-Raecke, Brünner, Kofoet, Mutic, Benedict and Freiherr.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Acute effects of intranasal insulin (40 IU, black bars) and placebo (0.4 ml, white bars) on olfactory sensitivity (highest olfactory sensitivity score = 16) for the odorants peanut (A) and n-butanol (B). n = 30 (males n = 16, females n = 14). While females showed reduced olfactory sensitivity for n-butanol (p = 0.045) after intranasal insulin, males did not. Olfactory sensitivity for peanut was not influenced by intranasal insulin in both genders. Data are provided as means and SEMs; *p < 0.05.