Figure 4.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from T. interdigitale promote classical macrophage activation. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6 mice were incubated at 37°C for 6 h with EVs (10⁷ particles/mL and with either IFN-γ (2 ng/mL) plus IL-12p40 (50 ng/mL) as M1 inducers (classical activation) or IL-10 plus IL-4 (both at 50 ng/mL) as M2 inducers (alternative activation). The medium was used as the negative control. RNA was extracted and converted into cDNA and real-time PCR was used to evaluate the relative expression of iNOS (A), Ym-1 (B), and arginase-1 (C). Data are representative of 3 experiments. The results are expressed as means ± SEM and are compared to the results obtained for the negative control. *P < 0.05.