Table 1.

Infections complications in Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation recipients.

Type of infection	Early pre-engraftment (2-4 weeks after HSCT)	Early post-engraftment (2-3 months after HSCT)	Late phase (beyond 3 months after HSCT)
Bacterial (Gudiol et al., 2014; Kikuchi et al., 2015; Young et al., 2016; Girmenia et al., 2017; Schuster et al., 2017; Cho et al., 2018; Mikulska et al., 2018)	Gram positive bacteria (Coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans group streptococci, staphylococcus aureus) Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Clostridium difficile	Gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae Coagulase-negative staphylococci, viridans group streptococci, staphylococcus aureus) Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)	Encapsulated bacteria (mainly streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nocardia
Fungal(Gudiol et al., 2014; Kikuchi et al., 2015; Sahin et al., 2016; Young et al., 2016; Maertens et al., 2018)	Candida species. Aspergillus species.	Aspergillus species Pneumocystis jirovecii	Aspergillus species Pneumocystis jirovecii
ViralLin and Liu, 2013; Sahin et al., 2016; Cho et al., 2018	HSV (mostly reactivation of HSV latent infection)	Mainly CMV. Community acquired viruses (mainly respiratory viruses) Other herpes viruses (EBV, HHV-6) Polyoma virus	CMV VZV EBV (risk of PTLD) Community acquired viruses (mainly respiratory viruses)
Parasitic	Rarely documented	Rarely documented Toxoplasma gondii Jarque et al., 2016; Prestes et al., 2018 (usually reactivation of a latent infection). Other parasites: Jarque et al., 2016; Fabiani et al., 2017 Reactivation of latent infection or transmission from infected donors: Especially in endemic regions (Tripanozoma cruzy, Plasmodium spp. Leishmania spp)	Rarely documented Toxoplasma gondii Jarque et al., 2016; Prestes et al., 2018 (usually reactivation of a latent infection) Other parasites: Jarque et al., 2016; Fabiani et al., 2017 Reactivation of latent infection or transmission from infected donors: Especially in endemic regions (Tripanozoma cruzy, Plasmodium spp. Leishmania spp) Primary infection with other parasites rare and may have worldwide distribution (Cryptosporidium spp, Blastocystis spp.) or limited to endemic regions: Strongyloides stercoralis