Table 2.

Volumetric and clinical comparisons between groups—mean (SD) values expressed.

Test	Controls (n = 32)	EOD (n = 16)	LOD (n = 14)	F ratio	P-value**
	Mean ± SD*	Mean ± SD*	Mean ± SD*		Con vs. LOD	LOD vs. EOD	EOD vs. Con
Gray matter volume	0.368 ± 0.005	0.373 ± 0.008	0.366 ± 0.009	1.68	0.565	0.364	0.568
White matter volume	0.338 ± 0.006	0.363 ± 0.009	0.363 ± 0.010	4.60	0.070	0.731	0.044
MWT	31.53 ± 2.58	29.37 ± 3.42	31.07 ± 2.84	3.05	0.883	0.280	0.057
CVLTIs	60.75 ± 1.44	58.05 ± 2.19	50.67 ± 2.44	6.20	0.001	0.042	0.460
CVLTvfw1	13.14 ± 0.42	12.43 ± 0.63	9.84 ± 0.71	7.85	<0.001	0.014	0.728
CVLTvfw2	13.56 ± 0.44	13.33 ± 0.66	10.69 ± 0.74	5.42	0.002	0.017	0.986
TMT A	27.16 ± 7.78	35.69 ± 12.98	38.14 ± 12.95	6.79	0.007	0.819	0.035
TMT B	56.65 ± 17.41	72.63 ± 28.89	86.64 ± 38.00	6.97	0.003	0.349	0.135
TMT total	83.75 ± 22.50	108.31 ± 39.28	119.07 ± 55.25	5.58	0.013	0.723	0.090
BDI II	2.48 ± 1.31	13.26 ± 2.08	7.76 ± 2.24	10.6	0.051	0.103	0.001
BRMAS	0.49 ± 0.27	1.17 ± 0.41	0.41 ± 0.46	1.044	0.890	0.258	0.687
SCL 90	0.20 ± 0.07	0.74 ± 0.11	0.469 ± 0.12	9.29	0.065	0.13	0.000
STAI_G	34.12 ± 2.16	35.38 ± 3.00	34.69 ± 3.40	2.782	0.891	0.89	0.116

CVLT, California Verbal Learning Task CVLTIs; BDI II, Beck depression Inventory; BRMAS, Bech Rafaelsen Mania Scale; MWT, Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test; SCL90, STAI-G: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; SCL 90, Symptom checklist 90 items; EOD, Early Onset of Disease (< 27 years); LOD, Late Onset of Disease (≥27 years)

^*Estimate Mean.

^**P = significant on a ≤ 0.05-threshold. Values are highlighted in bold to show significant comparisons at p < 0.05 threshold.