TABLE 1.
Summary of ways to consider sex as a variable in preclinical research
| Consideration | Description | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Consider sex chromosomes | XX vs. XY | 6 |
| 11 | ||
| 12 | ||
| 13 | ||
| Consider sex hormones | Gonadal hormones (ovarian vs. testicular secretions): androgens, estrogens, pregnanes | 14 |
| 15 | ||
| 16 | ||
| Consider sex and gender assumptions in design | Design of animal study | 6 |
| Choice of animal model | 16 | |
| Choice of animals to study (male, female, both) | 20 | |
| Analysis and reporting | Sex of research material | 2 |
| Sex-disaggregated data | 22 | |
| Report by sex in publications |