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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 16.
Published in final edited form as: Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2016 Aug 8;36(2):145–151. doi: 10.1080/15569527.2016.1211671

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Human equivalent skin model tissue viability (%) exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles of various sizes for 1 h. Data represents mean ± SD, N=3. The concentration of each nanoparticle sample was 1 mg/mL. DPBS (Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline) was the negative control. 5% SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) was the positive control. DMEM (Dubelco’s minimum essential medium with 10% fetal bovine serum) was the vehicle for the TiO2 nanoparticles. Chemicals with a mean value below the dashed line at 50% viability were considered to be dermal irritants. ***, significantly from negative control, p < 0.001.