Table 4. Factors associated with current use of modern contraception.
| n using contraception/ N (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic factors | Adjusted OR are adjusted for age, year, education and SES. | ||
| Year | P = 0.66 | P = 0.82 | |
| 2011 | 817 / 2797 (29.2%) | 1 | 1 |
| 2015 | 869 / 3030 (28.7%) | 0.97 (0.87–1.09) | 0.98 (0.86–1.13) |
| Age group | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | |
| 15–19 | 526 / 3427 (15.3%) | 1 | 1 |
| 20–24 | 1160 / 2400 (48.3%) | 5.16 (4.57–5.82) | 4.83 (4.18–5.57) |
| Geographic area | P = 0.19 | P = 0.13 | |
| Rural | 1042 / 3706 (28.1%) | 1 | 1 |
| Peri-urban | 550 / 1805 (30.5%) | 1.12 (0.99–1.27) | 1.14 (0.97–1.32) |
| Urban | 94 / 316 (29.7%) | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) | 1.25 (0.94–1.67) |
| Marital status | P<0.001 | P = 0.22 | |
| Married | 81 / 197 (41.1%) | 1 | 1 |
| Single | 1604 / 5627 (28.5%) | 0.57 (0.43–0.76) | 0.78 (0.53–1.16) |
| Education | P<0.001 | P = 0.001 | |
| Primary | 68 / 317 (21.5%) | 1 | 1 |
| Some secondary | 848 / 3510 (24.2%) | 1.17 (0.88–1.54) | 1.24 (0.91–1.69) |
| Completed secondary/above | 569 / 1349 (42.2%) | 2.67 (2.00–3.57) | 1.59 (1.15–2.22) |
| Employment | P = 0.12 | P = 0.62 | |
| Not employed | 1182 / 2842 (41.6%) | 1 | 1 |
| Employed | 98 / 208 (47.1%) | 1.25 (0.95–1.65) | 1.08 (0.81–1.44) |
| SES | P = 0.01 | P = 0.002 | |
| Low | 527 / 1726 (30.5%) | 1 | 1 |
| Middle | 550 / 1862 (29.5%) | 0.95 (0.83–1.10) | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) |
| High | 404 / 1551 (26.0%) | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) |
| Previous migration episodes | P<0.001 | P = 0.09 | |
| None | 724 / 2644 (27.4%) | 1 | 1 |
| One | 684 / 2412 (28.4%) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 0.93 (0.80–1.08) |
| Two or more | 278 / 771 (36.1%) | 1.50 (1.26–1.77) | 1.17 (0.95–1.44) |
| Behavioural factors | Adjusted OR are adjusted for age, year, education, SES, ever pregnant, testing for HIV in past 12m, and knowing were to get ART. | ||
| Ever been pregnant | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | |
| No | 227 / 3360 (6.8%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1450 / 2454 (59.1%) | 19.93 (17.05–23.30) | 12.62 (10.29–15.47) |
| Sex in the past 12 months1 | |||
| No | 16 / 2526 (0.6%) | – | – |
| Yes | 1262 / 2242 (53.3%) | – | – |
| Tested for HIV in past 12m | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | |
| No | 396 / 2690 (14.7%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1283 / 3102 (41.4%) | 4.09 (3.59–4.65) | 1.74 (1.47–2.07) |
| Know where to get ART | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | |
| No | 46 / 443 (10.4%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1620 / 5283 (30.7%) | 3.82 (2.80–5.20) | 2.68 (1.79–4.03) |
| Sexual behaviour among those reporting sex in past 12m | Adjusted OR are adjusted for age, year, education, SES, ever pregnant, testing for HIV in past 12m, knowing were to get ART, condom use at last sex, and any condomless sex in past 12m. | ||
| >1 partner in past 12m | P = 0.68 | P = 0.62 | |
| No | 1244 / 2212 (56.2%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 18 / 30 (60.0%) | 1.17 (0.56–2.44) | 1.27 (0.50–3.19) |
| Most recent partner >5y older | P = 0.52 | P = 0.54 | |
| No | 892 / 1589 (56.1%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 322 / 558 (57.7%) | 1.07 (0.88–1.29) | 1.07 (0.86–1.34) |
| Used condom at last sex | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | |
| No | 510 / 1078 (47.3%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 750 / 1159 (64.7%) | 2.04 (1.73–2.42) | 1.82 (1.44–2.30) |
| Condomless sex in past 12m | P<0.001 | P = 0.01 | |
| Yes | 867 / 1641 (52.8%) | 1 | 1 |
| No | 393 / 596 (65.9%) | 1.73 (1.42–2.10) | 1.45 (1.09–1.92) |
| Casual partner in past 12m | P = 0.45 | P = 0.15 | |
| No | 1172 / 2090 (56.1%) | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 90 / 152 (59.2%) | 1.14 (0.81–1.59) | 1.31 (0.91–1.90) |
1Frequency of current contraception use is shown for information, but ORs not estimated because of very small number who report using contraception in group with no sex in past 12 months.