Figure 5.

Protamine inhibits apelin-induced glucose tolerance. Oral glucose tolerance test in mice denied food for 6 h that were intravenously treated with saline (black curve, n = 8), apelin 13 (200 pmol/kg; red curve, n = 5), protamine (10 U/kg), and apelin 13 (200 pmol/kg; blue curve, n = 7), or with protamine alone (10 U/kg; orange curve, n = 5) 30 min before oral glucose (3 g/kg) load (time 0). Blood was collected from the tail vein at −30, 0, 15, 45, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, and glycemia was measured on these samples. Each point shows the mean ± sem of the described number of mice. Data were analyzed by using 1-way ANOVA repeated measurements. ***P < 0.001, apelin vs. saline solution; ^#P < 0.05, apelin vs. protamine; ^×P < 0.05, apelin vs. protamine + apelin.