Table 1. Results of the hands-on user study with the MPT system.

		Experts (na = 40)	Novices (n = 40)	All paths (n = 80)
User error (mm)	Δx Δy Δz Mean 3D	0.72 (±0,56) 1.08 (±0.88) 0.90 (±0.66) 0.90 (±0.39) 1.81 (±0.85)	0.86 (±0.68) 0.97 (±0.94) 0.96 (±0.61) 0.93 (±0.46) 1.83 (±0.96)	0.79 (±0.62) 1.02 (±0.91) 0.93 (±0.63) 0.91 (±0.43) 1.82 (±0.90)
System error (mm)	Δx Δy Δz Mean 3D	0.74 (±0.50) 0.37 (±0.29) 0.56 (±0.40) 0.55 (±0.27) 1.12 (±0.49)	0.59 (±0.49) 0.38 (±0.29) 0.55 (±0.50) 0.50 (±0.27) 1.03 (±0.52)	0.66 (±0.50) 0.37 (±0.29) 0.55 (±0.45) 0.53 (±0.27) 1.07 (±0.50)
Total error (mm)	Δx Δy Δz Mean 3D	1.06 (±0.80) 1.00 (±0.78) 0.89 (±0.70) 0.99 (±0.45) 1.96 (±0.88)	1.08 (±0.77) 0.96 (±0.98) 0.98 (±0.88) 1.00 (±0.51) 2.04 (±1.07)	1.07 (±0.78) 0.98 (±0.88) 0.93 (±0.79) 0.99 (±0.47) 2.00 (±0.97)
Skin to target time (s)		146 (±68)	165 (±55)	155 (±62)

An overview of the user error, system error and total error as well as the skin to target time for experts, novices and all paths are presented.

^a Sample size.