Fig 3. Phylogenies of mitochondrial lineages illustrate that African D. medinensis are a single species.

(A) Genealogical relationship among unique D. medinensis haplotypes (concatenated cytB-cox3-nd3-nd5) from the four remaining endemic countries in Africa. Color and shape of tips indicate country of origin. Haplotypes where at least one parasite was collected from a non-human host are denoted with asterisks (*). (B) Relationship among unique D. medinensis haplotypes from Chad only. Circle size reflects prevalence of each haplotype in the Chadian population (smallest circles = 1) and color indicates the definitive host from which parasites were collected. Trees were inferred in MrBayes v3.2.6 [36] with two independent MCMC analyses of 1 million generations each. Posterior probabilities are indicated at branch nodes.