Table 1. Mitochondrial and microsatellite diversity statistics for parasites within chad (subdivided by host species) and among all four endemic countries.
| Within Chad | Among Countries | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Dog | Cat | Chad | Ethiopia | Mali | South Sudan | |
|
Mitochondrial haplotypes |
|||||||
| n | 20 | 48 | 7 | 75 | 12 | 14 | 16 |
| Nh | 14 | 15 | 3 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| S | 66 | 69 | 18 | 77 | 14 | 22 | 7 |
| H | 0.96 (± 0.03) | 0.85 (± 0.04) | 0.67 (± 0.16) | 0.88 (± 0.03) | 0.85 (± 0.07) | 0.67 (± 0.08) | 0.52 (± 0.13) |
| π | 0.006 (± 0.003) | 0.005 (± 0.002) | 0.003 (± 0.002) | 0.005 (± 0.002) | 0.002 (± 0.001) | 0.003 (± 0.002) | 0.001 (± 0.001) |
| AR | 4.3 (± 0.2) | 3.7 (± 0.2) | 2.5 (± 0.5) | 5.2 (± 0.4) | 3.3 (± 0.8) | 3.1 (± 0.4) | 2.4 (± 0.2) |
| NP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.1 (± 0.4) | 2.2 (± 1.1) | 2.2 (± 0.4) | 1.4 (± 0.6) |
| Tajima’s D (p) | -0.41 (0.37) | -0.38 (0.42) | 0.79 (0.81) | -0.27 (0.47) | -0.10 (0.50) | 1.78 (0.98) | 1.29 (0.93) |
| Fu’s FS (p) | -0.02 (0.51) | 4.16 (0.91) | 5.13 (0.98) | 1.44 (0.71) | 0.75 (0.63) | 7.72 (0.99) | 2.52 (0.92) |
| r (p)* | 0.02 (0.77)† | 0.09 (0.001) | 0.64 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.64)† | 0.56 (< 0.001) | 0.39 (0.10)† |
| Microsatellites | |||||||
| n | 12 | 44 | 6 | 62 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| Na | 9.8 (± 3.3) | 13.3 (± 5.0) | 5.5 (± 1.3) | 15.2 (± 5.9) | 8.0 (± 2.5) | 6.7 (± 2.0) | 6.2 (± 1.7) |
| AR | 6.2 (± 0.3) | 5.5 (± 0.3) | 4.7 (± 0.3) | 7.0 (± 0.4) | 6.1 (± 0.5) | 5.7 (± 0.3) | 5.3 (± 0.4) |
| NP | 2.6 (± 0.3) | 1.6 (± 0.2) | 1.3 (± 0.2) | 2.5 (± 0.3) | 1.7 (± 0.3) | 1.8 (± 0.3) | 1.5 (± 0.3) |
| H | 0.84 (± 0.43) | 0.77 (± 0.38) | 0.79 (± 0.43) | 0.80 (± 0.39) | 0.74 (± 0.38) | 0.71 (± 0.37) | 0.71 (± 0.38) |
| HO | 0.68 (± 0.21) | 0.70 (± 0.19) | 0.82 (± 0.19) | 0.71 (± 0.18) | 0.78 (± 0.21) | 0.49 (± 0.22) | 0.60 (± 0.26) |
Numbers in parentheses are standard deviations except where indicated. Bold text indicates statistical significance.
n, total number of parasites analyzed per group; Nh, number of distinct haplotypes within each host group; Na, mean number of alleles per locus; S, number of segregating (polymorphic) sites; π, nucleotide diversity; AR, mean allelic richness per locus, standardized to the lowest n for a given genetic marker and population comparison (for mitochondrial data, unique haplotypes for each of the four genes used in the study were coded as alleles and combined to generate a 4-locus mitochondrial genotype for each individual); NP, mean number of alleles per locus that are private to each population (by host species within Chad or by country); H, Nei’s gene diversity (equivalent to the expected heterozygosity for diploid microsatellite data and the probability that two randomly chosen haplotypes are different for mitochondrial haplotype data); HO, observed heterozygosity
* and †: r, Harpending’s raggedness index of the observed mismatch distribution. Observed distributions that do not differ significantly from the expected distribution (p > 0.05) suggest recent population expansion.