Table 3.
Univariate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between select maternal demographic predictors and analytes in human milk*
| Predictors | Race | Age (years: quartiles) | BMI (kg/m2: normal weight, overweight, obese) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analytes | Ref: White | Q1 19 - 28 Ref. | Q2 29 - 31 OR [95% CI] | Q3 32 - 35 OR [95% CI] | Q4 36 - 45 OR [95% CI] | ⩽24 Ref. | 25-<30 OR [95% CI] | ⩾30 OR [95% CI] |
| Pro-inflammatorv cytokines panel | ||||||||
| IFNγ | 1.10 [0.69, 1.68] | - | 0.86 [0.44, 1.67] | 1.22 [0.64. 2.31] | 1.04 [0.54, 1.99] | - | 1.68 [0.96, 2.93] | 2.03 [1.10, 3.74]*** |
| IL-1β | 1.82 [1.19, 2.79]** | - | 1.02 [0.57, 1.84] | 1.15 [0.65, 2.04] | 0.67 [0.37, 1.23] | - | 1.53 [0.94, 2.50] | 1.79 [1.05, 3.00]*** |
| IL-6 | 1.19 [0.77, 1.84] | - | 0.47 [0.25, 0.87] | 0.73 [0.40, 1.32] | 0.53 [0.29, 0.97] | - | 1.27 [0.76, 2.14] | 1.48 [0.85, 2.58] |
| IL-8 | 1.39 [0.91,2.15] | - | 0.82 [0.45, 1.46] | 1.14 [0.63,2.04] | 0.76 [0.42, 1.40] | - | 1.25 [0.76, 2.06] | 0.87 [0.50, 1.50] |
| TNFα | 0.66 [0.43, 1.01] | - | 0.69 [0.37, 1.26] | 1.20 [0.66, 2.17] | 0.18 [0.60, 1.95] | - | 1.75 [1.05, 2.91] | 1.46 [0.84, 2.53] |
| Anaioaenesis panel | ||||||||
| bFGF | 1.18 [0.78, 1.79] | - | 0.70 [0.40, 1.26] | 1.14 [0.64, 1.96] | 1.05 [0.59, 1.89] | - | 1.53 [0.94, 2.50] | 1.79 [1.06, 3.04]*** |
| FLT1 | 1.03 [0.68, 1.56] | - | 0.74 [0.41, 1.34] | 1.10 [0.63, 1.91] | 1.09 [0.61, 1.96] | - | 1.75 [1.08, 2.85] | 1.19 [0.70, 2.03] |
| PLGF | 1.31 [0.86, 1.98] | - | 0.64 [0.36, 1.42] | 1.12 [0.64, 1.94] | 1.02 [0.57, 1.83] | - | 1.31 [0.81,2.12] | 1.35 [0.79, 2.33] |
| VEGF-D | 0.72 [0.48, 1.10] | - | 0.99 [0.55, 1.79] | 0.85 [0.49, 1.50] | 0.86 [0.49, 1.51] | - | 1.54 [0.94, 2.52] | 0.75 [0.44, 1.29] |
| Sinaleplex | ||||||||
| Adiponectin | 0.70 [0.46, 1.07] | - | 1.05 [0.59, 1.88] | 0.89 [0.50, 2.58] | 1.16 [0.64, 2.11] | - | 0.95 [0.58, 1.56] | 0.56 [0.32, 0.97] |
| EGF | 0.92 [0.61, 1.41] | - | 1.48 [0.80, 2.71] | 1.41 [0.80, 2.49] | 1.26 [0.69, 2.30] | - | 2.34 [1.41, 3.87] | 1.51 [0.87, 2.61]*** |
| FASL | 1.06 [0.70, 1.61] | - | 0.81 [0.45, 1.47] | 1.20 [0.69, 2.12] | 0.97 [0.53, 1.76] | - | 1.92 [1.17, 3.15] | 2.05 [1.18, 3.57]*** |
| Leptin | 2.56 [1.65 - 3.96]** | - | 0.17 [0.70, 2.31] | 1.68 [0.94, 2.99] | 1.47 [0.81,2.63] | - | 5.83 [3.37, 10.18] | 19.88 [10.03,39.41]*** |
*
Note: Univariate analyses conducted using mixed effects ordinal logistic regression with random effect for plate, N= 292 women, with odds ratios (ORs) presented. Other predictors such as age at first birth, age at menarche, first-degree relative with breast cancer, and use of over the counter pain medicine were also tested, with null results.
**
p<0.05
***
p-trend<0.05