Table 4.
Multivariable odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of select participant characteristics with analytes in human milk*
| Predictor | IL-8 | IL-1β | bFGF | FLT1 | PLGF | EGF | Adiponectin | Leptin | FASL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | OR [95% CI] | |
| Race (ref. : White) | 1.20 [0.77-1.87] | 1.59 [1.03-2.45]** | 1.16 [0.75-1.79] | 0.93 [0.60-1.43] | 1.18 [0.77-1.79] | 0.85 [0.55-1.32] | 0.91 [0.58-1.44] | 2.16 [1.37-3.42]** | 0.99 [0.65-1.52] |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||||||
| <25 | N/A | ref | ref | ref | N/A | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 25-<30 | 1.57 [0.94-2.60] | 1.51 [0.91-2.49] | 1.76 [1.06-2.90] | 2.31 [1.38-3.86] | 0.88 [0.53-1.41] | 6.01 [3.46-10.43] | 1.92 [1.17-3.15] | ||
| ⩾30 | 1.82 [1.05-3.16]*** | 1.77 [1.02-3.08]*** | 1.12 [0.65-1.95] | 1.49 [0.85-2.62]*** | 0.57 [0.32-1.01] | 18.36 [9.23-36.53]*** | 2.05 [1.17-3.58]*** | ||
| Menses since delivery | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.37 [1.49-3.77]** | 2.84 [1.84-4.38]** | 1.75 [1.13-2.77]** | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Pregnancies | |||||||||
| 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ref | N/A | N/A |
| 2 | 0.47 [0.26-0.85] | ||||||||
| 3+ | 0.63 [0.34-1.12] | ||||||||
| Baby’s age in days | |||||||||
| Q1 21 - 98 | ref | ref | ref | ref | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Q2 100-189 | 2.21 [1.18-4.11] | 0.93 [0.51-1.72] | 0.36 [0.20-0.67] | 0.42 [0.23-0.77] | |||||
| Q3 194-315 | 4.15 [2.18-7.90] | 1.42 [0.77-2.62] | 0.47 [0.22-0.97] | 0.48 [0.26-0.89] | |||||
| Q4 316- 1500 | 8.74 [4.42-17.2*** | 2.44 [1.32-4.50]*** | 0.84 [0.43-1.68] | 0.77 [0.39-1.49] | |||||
| N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.82 [1.09-3.05]** | N/A | N/A | |
| Ever smoked cigarettes | |||||||||
| Total lifetime days of breastfeeding | |||||||||
| Q1 21 - 120 | N/A | N/A | ref | N/A | N/A | N/A | ref | N/A | N/A |
| Q2 127 - 255 | 0.47 [0.22-1.02] | 0.35 [0.19-0.64] | |||||||
| Q3 270 - 735 | 0.56 [0.29-1.08] | 0.73 [0.38-1.38] | |||||||
| Q4 750 - 3900 | 0.61 [0.31-1.21] | 0.87 [0.42-1.40] | |||||||
*
Associations tested in ordinal logistic regression with random effect for plate. Multivariable models were built in forward stepwise selection, with race and all predictors p< 0.4 retained in final models. Factors with cells labeled N/A (Not Applicable) were not included in the model for the analyte listed because they failed to meet criteria for selection.
**
p<0.05
***
p-trend<0.05