Table 1.

Summary of analyses showing how looking patterns predict posttest performance.

Looking Pattern	Does looking pattern predict posttest performance?	Does looking pattern mediate the effect of condition on posttest performance?	Is gesture a moderator between looking pattern and posttest performance?
Fixation to Problem	Yes	No	No
	β = 3.86 SE = 1.66 t = 2.33 p < 0.05	ACME: 0.40 CI: −0.24 to .97 p = 0.14	β= 4.27 SE = 3.57 t = 1.20 p = 0.24
Fixation to Gesture Space	No
	β = 2.23 SE = 2.67 t = 0.84 p = 0.41
Fixation to Instructor	Yes	No	No
	β = 3.68 SE = 1.46 t = 2.52 p < 0.05	ACME: 0.73 CI: −0.71 to 1.80 p = 0.23	β= 6.82 SE = 4.31 t = 1.58 p = 0.12
Following Speech	Yes	No	Yes
	β = 2.45 SE = 1.15 t = 2.13 p < 0.05	ACME: 0.34 CI: −0.11 to 0.99 p = 0.17	β= 5.76 SE = 2.26 t = 2.55 p < .05

Note: SE refers to one standard error of the mean, CI stands for confidence interval, and ACME stands for Average Causal Mediation Effect.