(A) Growth of the indicated strains on RPMI agar lacking free lipoic acid. (B–C) Growth (OD550) of the indicated strains in (B) RPMI and (C) RPMI + 5 μM lipoic acid (LA). (D) α-lipoic acid immunoblot of whole cell lysates derived from the indicated strains grown in RPMI supplemented with branched chain carboxylic acids (10 mM isobutyric acid, 9 mM 2-methylbutyric acid, 9 mM isovaleric acid, and 10 mM sodium acetate - BCFA) in order to bypass the requirement of lipoic acid for replication with or without lipoic acid (LA). The positions of the four lipoyl proteins in S. aureus (E2-PDH, E2-OGDH, E2-BCODH, and GcvH) are indicated.