Table 1.
Antibodies targeting intracellular antigens.
| Intracellular antigen | Associated tumor | Main syndrome | Most widely used test methods |
|---|---|---|---|
| CLASSIC ONCONEURONAL ANTIBODY | |||
| Hu (ANNA1) | SCLC | Enzephalomyelitis, PCD, LE, brainstemencephalitis | Fixed TBA, LA/IB |
| Ri (ANNA2) | Mammary, SCLC | Brainstemencephalitis, OMS | Fixed TBA; LA/IB |
| Yo (PCA1) | Ovary, mammary | PCD | Fixed TBA; LA/IB |
| CV2 (CRMP5) | SCLC, thymoma | Encephalomyelitis, optic neuropathy, PCD, LE | Fixed TBA; LA/IB; fixed CBA |
| Amphiphysin | SCLC, mammary | SPS, rigidity, encephalomyelitis | Fixed/unfixed TBA; LA/IB |
| Ma-1/2 | Testis, adenocarcinoma lung | LE, brainstemencephalitis | Fixed TBA; LA/IB |
| DNER/TR | Hodgkin | PCD | Fixed/unfixed TBA; LA/IB; fixed CBA |
| NON-PARANEOPLASTIC ANTIBODY | |||
| GAD65/67 | Rarley | SPS, cerebellar ataxia, LE, epilepsy | Fixed TBA; LA/IB, fixed CBA, RIA, ELISA |
| TUMOR MARKERS | |||
| SOX1 (AGNA) | SCLC | Encephalomyelitis, PCD | Fixed TBA; LA/IB |
| ZIC4 | SCLC | Cerebellar ataxia | Fixed TBA; LA/IB |
ANNA, anti-neuronal nuclear antibody; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; PCD, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration; LE, limbic encephalitis; TBA, tissue based assay; LA/IB, line assay/immunoblot; OMS, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome; PCA, purkinje cell autoantibody; CRMP, collapsin response mediator protein; SPS, stiff-person syndrome; DNER, delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor; CBA, cell-based assay; GAD65, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65; RIA, radioimmuno assay; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; AGNA, anti-glial nuclear antibody; ZIC4, zinc-finger protein 4.