Table 2.

Results of regression analyses comparing linear and nonlinear effects of CES-D upon change in outcome.

Step	Outcome variables		B	SE B	β	ΔR2
		Trait anxiety
1992/1993 school year (N=4069)
1	Constant		11.243	.194
	Total CES-D score		.702	.010	.744***	.554***
2	Constant		9.347	.310
	Total CES-D score		.952	.034	1.008***
	Total CES-D score squared		−.006	.001	−.277***	.007***
3	Constant		6.815	.446
	Total CES-D score		1.493	.077	1.581***
	Total CES-D score squared		−.034	.004	−1.615***
	Total CES-D score cubed		.000	.000	.813***	.006***
		Aggression
1992/1993 school year (N=4069)
1	Constant		1.784	.124
	Total CES-D score		.249	.006	.523***	.274***
2	Constant		1.969	.199
	Total CES-D score		.225	.022	.472***
	Total CES-D score squared		.001	.000	.054	.000
3	Constant		1.695	.292
	Total CES-D score		.283	.051	.595***
	Total CES-D score squared		−.002	.002	−.234
	Total CES-D score cubed		.000	.000	.175	.000
1993/1994 school year (N=4101)
1	Constant		5.334	.145
	1992/1993 BADS total score		.354	.018	.380***
	Total CES-D score		.027	.008	.062***	.176***
2	Constant		4.994	.224
	1992/1993 BADS total score		.354	.018	.381***
	Total CES-D score		.072	.024	.162*
	Total CES-D score squared		−.001	.001	−.105*	.001*
3	Constant		4.660	.314
	1992/1993 BADS total score		.354	.018	.380***
	Total CES-D score		.144	.053	.324**
	Total CES-D score squared		−.005	.003	−.482
	Total CES-D score cubed		.000	.000	.228	.001
1994/1995 school year (N=4101)
1	Constant		7.897	.211
	1992/1993 BADS total score		.244	.023	.302***
	Total CES-D score		.020	.009	.051*	.115***
2	Constant		7.573	.254
	1992/1993 BADS total score		.244	.023	.303***
	Total CES-D score		.062	.023	.161*
	Total CES-D score squared		−.001	.000	−.116*	.002*
3	Constant		7.366	.331
	1992/1993 BADS total score		.244	.023	.302***
	Total CES-D score		.106	.052	.277*
	Total CES-D score squared		−.003	.002	−.384
	Total CES-D score cubed		.000	.000	.163	.001
		Substance misuse
1992/1993 school year (N=4069)
1	Constant		.262	.038
	Total CES-D score		.045	.002	.336***	.113***
2	Constant		.259	.062
	Total CES-D score		.045	.007	.339***
	Total CES-D score squared		.000	.000	−.003	.000
3	Constant		.284	.090
	Total CES-D score		.040	.016	.299*
	Total CES-D score squared		.000	.001	.253
	Total CES-D score cubed		.000	.000	.151	.000
1993/1994 school year (N=4101)
1	Constant		1.122	.041
	1992/1993 SASSI-A total score		.397	.016	.436***
	Total CES-D score		.006	.002	.050*	.208***
2	Constant		1.059	.059
	1992/1993 SASSI-A total score		.397	.016	.436***
	Total CES-D score		.014	.006	.119*
	Total CES-D score squared		.000	.000	−.071	.001
3	Constant		1.009	.086
	1992/1993 SASSI-A total score		.397	.016	.436***
	Total CES-D score		.025	.015	.207
	Total CES-D score squared		−.001	.001	−.277
	Total CES-D score cubed		.000	.000	.125	.000
1994/1995 school year (N=4101)
1	Constant		1.754	.056
	1992/1993 SASSI-A total score		.221	.020	.297***
	Total CES-D score		.005	.002	.052*	.098***
2	Constant		1.681	.071
	1992/1993 SASSI-A total score		.220	.020	.296***
	Total CES-D score		.015	.006	.149*
	Total CES-D score squared		.000	.000	−.101	.001
3	Constant		1.666	.089
	1992/1993 SASSI-A total score		.220	.020	.296***
	Total CES-D score		.018	.014	.181
	Total CES-D score squared		.000	.001	−.176
	Total CES-D score cubed		.000	.000	.046	.000

Note: CES-D=Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression; STAI=State Trait Anxiety Inventory; BADS=Braver Aggressiveness Dimension Scale; SASSI-A=Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory—Adolescent version; CES-D scale completed during 1992/1993 school year; analyses are reported to three decimal places for clarity.

^*p<.05.

^***p<.001.