TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals (2015).
| Variable | HIV-uninfected N = 114 | HIV-infected N = 114 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men, N (%) | 23 (20.2) | 23 (20.2) | - |
| Age, years | 53.3 ± 5.5 | 53.4 ± 5.6 | 0.874 |
| Urban N (%) | 46 (40.4) | 46 (40.4) | - |
| Anthropometry | |||
| WC, cm | 91.6 ( 70.5; 122.6) | 81.7 ( 64.6; 109.1) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.4 (18.0; 44.5) | 22.8 (16.1; 34.5) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular measurements | |||
| SBP, mmHg | 133 ± 21 | 126 ± 24 | 0.021 |
| DBP, mmHg | 88 ± 12 | 83 ± 14 | 0.003 |
| PP, mmHg | 45 ± 14 | 43 ± 15 | 0.309 |
| MAP, mmHg | 103 ± 14 | 97 ± 16 | 0.006 |
| cSBP, mmHg | 129 ± 18 | 120 ± 18 | < 0.001 |
| Biochemical variables | |||
| TC, mmol/L | 4.53 ± 1.60 | 4.52 ± 1.01 | 0.904 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.79 ± 1.02 | 2.67 ± 0.89 | 0.362 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.18 (0.53; 2.85) | 1.10 (0.50; 2.40) | 0.317 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.25 (0.69; 2.27) | 1.32 (0.74; 2.53) | 0.250 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.34 (3.85; 9.03) | 5.18 (4.35; 6.48) | 0.529 |
| HbA1c,% | 5.92 (5.00; 8.80) | 5.46 (4.90; 6.30) | < 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.11 (0.05; 16.1) | 1.38 (0.04; 43.7) | 0.072 |
| γ-glutamyltransferase, U/L | 23.2 (1.46; 256) | 23.4 (0.70; 236) | 0.963 |
| HIV-related parameters | |||
| CD4 cell count, cell/mm3 | - | 519 ± 263 | - |
| ≤ 500 cells/mm3, N (%) | - | 54/106 (50.9) | - |
| ≤ 200 cells/mm3, N (%) | - | 9/106 (8.5) | - |
| Renal function | |||
| SCr, µmol/L | 55.9 ± 11.4 | 57.0 ± 12.8 | 0.499 |
| CrCl, mL/min | 116 (72.0; 208) | 97.9 (56.9; 165) | < 0.001 |
| CrCl < 50 mL/min, N (%) | 0/113 | 1/113 | 0.316 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 103 (83.2; 123) | 103 (74.3; 120) | 0.985 |
| eGFR, < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, N (%) | 14 (12.3) | 14 (12.3) | 1.000 |
| uACR, mg/mmol | 1.43 (0.43; 14.6) | 1.89 (0.52; 14.7) | 0.720 |
| uACR, 3–30 mg/mmol, N (%) | 18/102 (17.7) | 27/100 (27.0) | 0.110 |
| Health behaviours | |||
| Self-reported alcohol use, N (%) | 34/113 (30.1) | 35/111 (31.5) | 0.815 |
| Self-reported tobacco use, N (%) | 41/113 (36.3) | 43/111 (38.7) | 0.704 |
| Medication use | |||
| Antihypertensive med, N (%) | 35 (30.7) | 14/109 (12.8) | 0.001 |
| Diuretics, N (%) | 38 (33.3) | 20/109 (18.4) | 0.010 |
| Statins, N (%) | 6 (5.3) | 1/109 (6.4) | 0.063 |
| Anti-inflammatory med, N (%) | 8 (7.0) | 7/109 (6.4) | 0.859 |
| Antidiabetic med, N (%) | 10 (8.8) | 0/109 (0.0) | 0.002 |
| Anticoagulant med, N (%) | 9 (7.9) | 3/109 (2.8) | 0.089 |
| Antiretroviral therapy (ART), N (%) | - | 85/110 (77.3) | - |
| ≥ 5 years on ART, N (%) | - | 38/59 (64.4) | - |
| Metabolic syndrome, N (%) | 50 (43.9) | 32 (28.1) | 0.013 |
s.d., standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; N, number of participants; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure, MAP, mean arterial pressure; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; TC, Total cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol; HbA1c%; glycated haemoglobin; CRP, C-reactive protein; SCr, serum creatinine; CrCl, creatinine clearance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; uACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; Med, medication; ART, antiretroviral therapy.
Data are arithmetic mean ± s.d. or geometric mean (5th and 95th percentile intervals) for logarithmically transformed variables.