TABLE 2.
Characteristics of the HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals with the metabolic syndrome.
| Variable | HIV-uninfected with MetS N = 50 | HIV-infected with MetS N = 32 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men, N (%) | 5 (10.0) | 4 (12.5) | 0.723 |
| Age, years | 53.8 ± 6.5 | 53.5 ± 6.1 | 0.844 |
| Urban N (%) | 19 (38.0) | 16 (50.0) | 0.283 |
| Anthropometry | |||
| WC, cm | 102 (85.5; 129) | 94.6 (80.0; 120.3) | 0.023 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.6 (24.4; 50.0) | 27.8 (19.0; 44.0) | 0.010 |
| Cardiovascular measurements | |||
| SBP, mmHg | 139 ± 12 | 137 ± 29 | 0.782 |
| DBP, mmHg | 91 ± 10 | 90 ± 14 | 0.789 |
| PP, mmHg | 48 ± 11 | 47 ± 19 | 0.839 |
| MAP, mmHg | 107 ± 09 | 106 ± 18 | 0.772 |
| cSBP, mmHg | 133 ± 15 | 129 ± 20 | 0.457 |
| Biochemical variables | |||
| TC, mmol/L | 4.54 ± 1.07 | 4.66 ± 1.16 | 0.699 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.88 ± 1.11 | 2.69 ± 1.00 | 0.523 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.47 (0.28; 2.72) | 1.66 (0.67; 6.70) | 0.432 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.02 (0.77; 1.61) | 1.34 (0.55; 2.34) | 0.316 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.71 (3.84; 12.9) | 5.56 (4.35; 7.96) | 0.684 |
| HbA1c,% | 6.28 (5.20; 11.7) | 5.71 (5.10; 6.60) | 0.040 |
| CRP, mg/L | 1.04 (0.05; 15.6) | 1.50 (0.04; 29.6) | 0.555 |
| γ-glutamyltransferase, U/L | 22.7 (2.01; 224) | 25.6 (0.70; 325) | 0.797 |
| HIV-related parameters | |||
| CD4 cell count, cell/mm3 | - | 497 ± 239 | - |
| ≤ 500 cells/mm3, N (%) | - | 15/30 (50) | - |
| ≤ 200 cells/mm3, N (%) | - | 2/30 (6.7) | - |
| Renal function | |||
| SCr, µmol/L | 55.9 ± 12.2 | 57.0 ± 12.8 | 0.694 |
| CrCl, mL/min | 133 (86.5; 218) | 113 (71.3; 192) | 0.050 |
| CrCl < 50 mL/min, N (%) | - | - | - |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 100 (87.2; 112) | 104 (82.5; 129) | 0.211 |
| eGFR, < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, N (%) | 7 (14.0) | 3 (9.38) | 0.532 |
| uACR, mg/mmol | 1.43 (0.49; 20.5) | 2.80 (0.47; 25.8) | 0.065 |
| uACR, 3–30 mg/mmol, N (%) | 8/46 (17.4) | 13/28 (46.4) | 0.007 |
| Health behaviours | |||
| Self-reported alcohol use, N (%) | 9/49 (18.4) | 10 (31.3) | 0.181 |
| Self-reported tobacco use, N (%) | 14/49 (28.6) | 12 (37.5) | 0.400 |
| Medication use | |||
| Antihypertensive medication, N (%) | 22 (44.0) | 8 (25.0) | 0.081 |
| Diuretics, N (%) | 24 (48.0) | 9 (25.1) | 0.073 |
| Statins, N (%) | 3 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.158 |
| Anti-inflammatory medication, N(%) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (6.3) | 0.766 |
| Antidiabetic medication, N (%) | 9 (18) | 0 (0.0) | 0.011 |
| Anticoagulant medication, N (%) | 6 (12.0) | 2 (6.3) | 0.392 |
| Antiretroviral therapy (ART), N(%) | - | 24 (75.0) | - |
| ≥ 5 years on ART, N (%) | - | 14/22 (14.0) | - |
s.d., standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; N, number of participants; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure, MAP, mean arterial pressure; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; TC, Total cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol; HbA1c%, glycated haemoglobin; CRP, C-reactive protein; SCr, serum creatinine; CrCl, creatinine clearance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; uACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; Med, medication; ART, antiretroviral therapy.
Data are arithmetic mean ± s.d. or geometric mean (5th and 95th percentile intervals) for logarithmically transformed variables.