TABLE 3.

Multiple regression analysis with markers of renal function as dependent variables.

Variable	CrCl, mL/min			eGFR, mL/min/1.72m2			uACR, mg/mmol
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
HIV uninfected and HIV infected†
Age, years	−0.28	−0.37; −0.19	< 0.001	−0.44	−0.56; −0.32	< 0.001	−0.01	−0.13; 0.12	0.97
Sex, women, men	−0.01	−0.10; 0.09	0.983	0.16	0.04; 0.28	0.011	−0.25	−0.38; −0.12	< 0.001
cSBP, mmHg	0.06	−0.04; 0.16	0.265	0.01	−0.12; 0.14	0.873	0.36	0.22; 0.50	< 0.001
WC, cm	0.63	0.51; 0.75	< 0.001	−0.15	−0.31; 0.01	0.053	−0.36	−0.54; 0.19	< 0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	0.01	−0.10; 0.11	0.883	0.05	−0.08; 0.18	0.465	−0.02	−0.17; 0.12	0.754
TG mmol/L	−0.21	−0.31; −0.11	< 0.001	−0.11	−0.24; 0.02	0.086	0.11	−0.03; 0.25	0.12
HbA1c, %	−0.02	−0.12; 0.07	0.625	−0.12	−0.24; 0.01	0.079	−0.02	−0.16; 0.12	0.766
CRP, mg/L	0.02	−0.07; 0.12	0.638	−0.03	−0.15; 0.09	0.655	0	−0.13; 0.13	0.975
HIV status, neg/pos	−0.06	−0.15; 0.05	0.279	−0.06	−0.18; 0.07	0.385	0.12	−0.02; 0.29	0.087
MetS, no/yes	0.09	−0.03; 0.23	0.141	0.22	0.06; 0.38	0.008	0.11	−0.06; 0.28	0.217
HIV uninfected‡
Age, years	−0.28	−0.41; −0.16	< 0.001	−0.45	−0.62; −0.28	< 0.001	−0.02	−0.20; 0.15	0.809
Sex, men, women	0.04	−0.09; 0.18	0.522	0.15	−0.03; 0.34	0.109	−0.38	−0.57; −0.19	< 0.001
cSBP, mmHg	0.05	−0.08; 0.18	0.471	−0.07	−0.25; 0.11	0.44	0.39	0.21; 0.57	< 0.001
WC, cm	0.71	0.56; 0.86	< 0.001	−0.13	−0.33; 0.08	0.229	−0.42	−0.63; −0.21	< 0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	−0.05	−0.20; 0.09	0.487	−0.05	−0.25; 0.15	0.622	−0.05	−0.25; 0.15	0.629
TG mmol/L	−0.24	−0.37; −0.11	< 0.001	−0.17	−0.34; 0.01	0.065	0.06	−0.13; 0.23	0.622
HbA1c, %	−0.07	−0.20; 0.06	0.319	−0.13	−0.30; 0.05	0.151	0.08	−0.10; 0.26	0.363
CRP, mg/L	−0.02	−0.15; 0.11	0.759	−0.02	−0.19; 0.15	0.804	0.12	−0.06; 0.30	0.193
MetS, no/yes	0.09	−0.08; 0.26	0.288	0.14	−0.09; 0.36	0.228	−0.02	−0.25; 0.21	0.891
HIV infected§
Age, years	−0.31	−0.46; −0.10	< 0.001	−0.43	−0.61; −0.26	< 0.001	0.03	−0.16; 0.22	0.775
Sex, men, women	−0.02	−0.18; 0.13	0.769	0.15	−0.02; 0.33	0.091	−0.17	−0.36; 0.02	0.086
cSBP, mmHg	0.1	−0.06; 0.27	0.221	0.12	−0.07; 0.31	0.235	0.29	0.08; 0.50	0.008
WC, cm	0.5	0.30; 0.69	< 0.001	−0.19	−0.41; 0.04	0.106	−0.25	−0.49; −0.11	0.049
HDL-C, mmol/L	0.02	−0.15; 0.19	0.813	0.07	−0.13; 0.27	0.498	−0.04	−0.26; 0.17	0.709
TG, mmol/L	−0.21	−0.39; −0.03	0.023	−0.09	−0.30; 0.11	0.389	0.13	−0.10; 0.35	0.266
HbA1c, %	0.09	−0.13; 0.22	0.625	−0.08	−0.23; 0.12	0.457	−0.19	−0.40; 0.03	0.099
CRP, mg/L	0.07	−0.09; 0.23	0.37	0.01	−0.18; 0.19	0.951	−0.12	−0.32; 0.08	0.228
MetS, no/yes	0.09	−0.12; 0.30	0.409	0.26	0.02; 0.50	0.039	0.26	−0.01; 0.52	0.059
CD4+ count, mm3	0.21	0.06; 0.36	0.009	0.17	−0.01; 0.35	0.062	−0.13	−0.33; 0.06	0.179
ART, no/ yes	0.07	−0.09; 0.23	0.219	0.13	−0.06; 0.31	0.19	0.07	−0.13; 0.27	0.506

^†, HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected (N = 228): CrCl, mL/min – R² = 0.533; eGFR, mL/min/1.72m2, R² = 0.227; uACR, mg/mmol – R² = 0.202.

^‡, HIV-uninfected (N = 114): CrCl, mL/min – R² = 0.583; eGFR, mL/min/1.72m² – R² = 0.232; uACR, mg/mmol – R² = 0.270.

^§, HIV-infected (N = 114): CrCl, mL/min – R² = 0.425; eGFR, mL/min/1.72m² – R² = 0.231; uACR, mg/mmol – R² = 0.152.

Significance of data set in bold.

Total group (HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected, N = 228).

β, partial regression coefficient; R², adjusted R²; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval of β; HIV, human immunodeficiency syndrome; N, number of participants; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; uACR, urinary albumin creatinine ratio; CrCl, creatinine clearance; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HbA1c%, glycated haemoglobin; CRP, C-reactive protein; MetS, metabolic syndrome; pos, HIV positive; neg, HIV negative; ART, antiretroviral therapy.

eGFR, uACR, CrCl, cSBP, WC, HDL-C, TG, CRP were logarithmically transformed. Independent variables included in the model include: age, sex, cSBP, WC, HDL-C, TG, HbA1C, CRP, CD⁴ cell count and ART. All independent variables were added at the same time. Bold values indicate p ≤ 0.05.