Table 1.
Patient Characteristics
| Total | Lower-Risk Operations | Higher-Risk Operations | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 678,368 | 384,896 (56.3%) | 293,472 (43.3%) |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 51 (42–58) | 51 (42–58) | 51 (42–58) |
| Female Sex, N (%) | 58.9 | 48.2 | 73.0 |
| Comorbid Disease, % | |||
| Hypertension | 39.4 | 37.1 | 42.6 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 37.9 | 38.0 | 37.7 |
| Diabetes | 14.0 | 13.2 | 15.1 |
| Chronic Pulmonary | 12.1 | 11.5 | 13.0 |
| Disease | |||
| Anemia | 9.8 | 7.2 | 13.3 |
| Ischemic Heart | 6.1 | 5.8 | 6.5 |
| Disease | |||
| Liver Disease | 5.7 | 3.0 | 9.3 |
| Cerebrovascular | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 |
| Disease | |||
| Venous | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
| Thromboembolism | |||
| Chronic Kidney | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
| Disease | |||
| Congestive Heart | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
| Failure | |||
| Atrial Fibrillation | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| Dementia | <0.1 | <0.1 | 0.1 |
| RCRI, % | |||
| 0 | 79.1 | 80.3 | 77.6 |
| 1 | 16.7 | 15.9 | 17.7 |
| ≥2 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.7 |
| CCI, % | |||
| 0 | 62.7 | 68.0 | 55.8 |
| 1 | 22.5 | 21.2 | 24.1 |
| ≥2 | 14.9 | 10.8 | 20.1 |
Abbreviations: RCRI – Revised Cardiac Risk Index; CCI – Charlson Comorbidity Index; IQR – interquartile range