Table 1.

Studies included in our meta-analysis

Trial	Regimen	Pts (n)	Study sites	Funding	Pathological inclusion criteria	Median age, yr (range)	DFS	OS
ASSURE 2016 [7]	Sunitinib Sorafenib Placebo	647 649 647	226 centers; USA and Canada	US NCI, ECOG-ACRIN, Pfizer, and Bayer	CC and NCC RCC; pT1b G3-4 N0 M0 or T(any) G(any) N+ (resected) M0	56 (49-64) 55(48-63) 57(46-64)	70 mo 73.4 mo 79.6 mo	5-yr 77.9% 5-yr 80.5% 5-yr 80.3%
ASSURE high risk 2017 [4]	Sunitinib Sorafenib Placebo	358 355 356		Same as ASSURE 2016	Only CC RCC; pT3/pT4 or N+ disease	59 (31-83) 56 (20-84) 58 (19-84)	5-yr 47.7% 5-yr 49.9% 5-yr 50%	5-yr 75.2% 80.20% 76.50%
S-TRAC 2016 [5]	Sunitinib Placebo	309 306	99 centers; 21 countries	Pfizer	CC RCC; T3/T4, no or undetermined nodal involvement, or any T stage with local nodal involvement; any Fuhrman grade	57 (25-83) 58 (21-82)	6.8 yr 5.6 yr	HR 1.01 (0.72-1.44; P=0.94)
S-TRAC 2017 [6]	Sunitinib Placebo	194 194		Pfizer	T3, no or undetermined nodal involvement, Fuhrman grade ≥2, and ECOG PS ≥1; T4 and/or nodal involvement	NR NR	6.2 yr 4 yr	Median NR (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.66-1.28; p = 0.6) Median NR
PROTECT [3]	Pazopanib Placebo	571 564	263 centers in 26 countries	Novartis	Nonmetastatic CC RCC; pT2 G3-4 N0, pT3-4 G any N0, or pT any G any N1	58 (22-83) 58 (21-82)	3-yr 67% 3-yr 64%	HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.57-1.09; p = 0.16

ACRIN = American College of Radiology Imaging Network; CC = clear cell; DFS = disease-free survival; ECOG = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; NCC = non–clear cell; NCI = National Cancer Institute; NR = not reached; OS = overall-survival; PS = performance score; Pts = patients; RCC = renal cell carcinoma.