Table 4.
Means, standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients measured by the HSOPSC
| Measurement concepts | Number of items | Mean (SD) | 95% CI | Alpha | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This study | Originala | Other N studiesb | ||||
| Outcome measures – single item | ||||||
| Patient safety grade | 1 | 3.59 (.69) | 3.55 to 3.63 | |||
| Number of events reported (last 12 months) | 1 | 1.87 (.89) | 1.82 to 1.92 | |||
| Outcome dimensions | ||||||
| Overall perception of safety | 4 | 3.73 (.76) | 3.68 to 3.77 | .76 | .74 | .49-.78 |
| Frequency of error reporting | 3 | 2.82 (.79) | 2.77 to 2.86 | .80 | .84 | .75-.83 |
| Stop working in dangerous situations | 4 | 4.06 (.57) | 4.02 to 4.09 | .77 | .63 | |
| Safety climate dimensions – unit level | ||||||
| Manager expectations & actions promoting patient safety | 4 | 3.79 (.81) | 3.74 to 3.83 | .83 | .75 | .71-.85 |
| Organizational learning - continuous improvement | 3 | 3.36 (.74) | 3.31 to 3.40 | .69 | .76 | .51-.64 |
| Teamwork within units | 4 | 4.03 (.65) | 3.99 to 4.07 | .78 | .83 | .74-.77 |
| Communication openness | 3 | 3.54 (.75) | 3.49 to 3.58 | .75 | .72 | .61-.68 |
| Feedback and communication about error | 3 | 3.19 (.81) | 3.14 to 3.24 | .79 | .78 | .69-.76 |
| Nonpunitive response to error | 3 | 3.44 (.92) | 3.38 to 3.49 | .81 | .79 | .60-.67 |
| Staffing | 4 | 3.59 (.75) | 3.55 to 3.64 | .65 | .63 | .56-.68 |
| Safety climate dimensions – system level | ||||||
| Hospital management support for patient safety | 3 | 3.03 (.80) | 2.98 to 3.07 | .79 | .83 | .76-.80 |
| Teamwork across units | 4 | 3.64 (.56) | 3.61 to 3.68 | .64 | .80 | .65-.73 |
| Handoffs and transitions | 4 | 3.40 (.66) | 3.36 to 3.44 | .78 | .80 | .62-.68 |
| Median alpha | .76 | .78 | .64-.74 | |||