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. 2018 Oct 17;4(10):eaat4751. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4751

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Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 4 — (A) Detailed timeline of the experiments. (B) Nicotine self-administration and escalation of nicotine intake during the first hour of nicotine exposure. Two separate one-way ANOVAs showed that the animals significantly escalated their nicotine intake in the first hour of the session during escalation in the PBS group (F_15,105 = 9.92, P = 0.0001) and NicA2-J1 group (F_15,105 = 51.691, P = 0.0001). The Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis revealed significant escalation on the last three intermittent-access days compared with the last three continuous-access days (P = 0.001) in both groups. (C) Inactive lever responses did not change over time in either the PBS group (F_15,105 = 0.62, P = 0.54) or NicA2-J1 group (F_15,105 = 0.79, P = 0.32). (D) The two-way mixed-factorial ANOVA, with treatment (PBS and NicA2-J1) as the between-subjects factor and time as the within-subjects factor, did not show a significant treatment × time interaction (F_10,140 = 0.991, P = 0.45). (E) Inactive lever responding was unaffected by NicA2-J1 treatment (F_10,140 = 0.782, P = 0.55). (F) Nicotine self-administration and escalation of nicotine intake during the 21 hours of nicotine exposure. Two separate one-way ANOVAs showed that the animals significantly escalated their nicotine intake in the PBS group (F_15,105 = 5.53, P = 0.0001) and NicA2-J1 group (F_15,105 = 4.186, P = 0.001). The Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis indicated significant escalation on the last three intermittent-access days compared with the last three continuous-access days (P = 0.01) in both groups. (G) Inactive lever responses did not change over time in either the PBS group (F_15,105 = 0.32, P = 0.23) or NicA2-J1 group (F_15,105 = 0.49, P = 0.41). (H) The two-way mixed-factorial ANOVA, with treatment (PBS and NicA2-J1) as the between-subjects factor and time as the within-subjects factor, showed a significant effect of time (F_10,14 = 2.37, P = 0.013) but no treatment × time interaction (F_10,140 = 0.991, P = 0.45). (I) Inactive lever responding was unaffected by NicA2-J1 treatment (F_10,140 = 0.65, P = 0.76).