Effects on PKC-ι regulation and apoptosis. Effects on PKC-ι and apoptosis were examined following inhibition of PKC-ι with either ICA-1 (10 µM) or ACPD (10 µM) for 72 h with respect to their controls. Protein expression of PKC-ι, PKC-ζ, caspase 3, Bcl-2, PARP, cytochrome c, and survivin in the RWPE-1 cell line and the DU-145 and PC-3 malignant cell lines. A total of 35 µg protein was loaded into each well and results were normalized by β-actin. Three trials were performed in triplicate. Densitometry bar graphs show the percentage change of the treated sample with respect to their controls (mean ± standard devia- tion). *P≤0.05, vs. control. PKC, protein kinase C; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose); ACPD, polymerase; 2-acetyl-1,3-cyclopentanedione; ICA-1, 5-amino-1-(1R,2S,3S,4R)-2,3-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide.