Table II.
Characteristics of subjects with hypertension and control individuals.
| Characteristic | Control | Hypertension | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (n) | 4636 | 3444 | |
| Age (years) | 49.2±10.3 | 55.8±7.6 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (men/women, %) | 52.0/48.0 | 67.8/32.2 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking (%) | 41.7 | 42.9 | 0.2829 |
| Obesity (%) | 24.3 | 44.4 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.6±3.3 | 24.5±3.7 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 114±12 | 144±24 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 70±10 | 85±14 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 11.1 | 39.5 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.61±1.78 | 6.72±2.83 | <0.0001 |
| Blood hemoglobin A1c (%) | 5.71±0.96 | 6.30±1.48 | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 51.3 | 75.5 | <0.0001 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.25±0.98 | 1.69±1.19 | <0.0001 |
| Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.63±0.46 | 1.41±0.45 | <0.0001 |
| Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.15±0.85 | 3.15±0.88 | 0.9206 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 8.1 | 24.0 | <0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/l) | 65.4±23.9 | 89.3±117.6 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) | 80.4±18.8 | 72.5±21.3 | <0.0001 |
| Hyperuricemia (%) | 11.3 | 25.2 | <0.0001 |
| Serum uric acid (µmol/l) | 311±86 | 349±99 | <0.0001 |
Quantitative data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation and were compared between subjects with hypertension and controls with the unpaired t-test. Categorical data were compared between the two groups with Pearson's χ2 test. Based on Bonferroni's correction, P<0.0026 (0.05/19) was considered statistically significant. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2; hypertension as a systolic BP of ≥140 mmHg, diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg, or the taking of antihypertensive medication; diabetes mellitus as a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥6.93 mmol/l, blood hemoglobin A1c content of ≥6.5%, or the taking of antidiabetic medication; dyslipidemia as a serum triglyceride concentration of ≥1.65 mmol/l, serum HDL-cholesterol <1.04 mmol/l, serum LDL-cholesterol ≥3.64 mmol/l, or the taking of anti-dyslipidemic medication; chronic kidney disease as an eGFR of <60 ml min−1 1.73 m−2; and hyperuricemia as a serum uric acid concentration of >416 µmol/l or the taking of uric acid-lowering medication. BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.