Table III.
Characteristics of subjects with CKD and control individuals.
| Characteristic | Control | CKD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (n) | 1,505 | 1,051 | |
| Age (years) | 48.5±10.3 | 57.7±6.5 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (men/women, %) | 53.8/46.2 | 68.9/31.1 | <0.0001 |
| Smoking (%) | 43.2 | 37.3 | 0.0028 |
| Obesity (%) | 29.1 | 38.9 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.1±3.8 | 24.1±3.5 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 36.5 | 71.4 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 126±23 | 141±29 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76±14 | 80±16 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 24.8 | 45.2 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 6.27±2.72 | 6.88±3.16 | <0.0001 |
| Blood hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.08±1.51 | 6.42±1.51 | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 56.4 | 75.3 | <0.0001 |
| Serum triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.35±1.21 | 1.69±1.07 | <0.0001 |
| Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.56±0.47 | 1.38±0.48 | <0.0001 |
| Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.08±0.85 | 3.13±0.93 | 0.0738 |
| Serum creatinine (µmol/l) | 51.7±9.3 | 150.3±198.0 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) | 103.0±19.1 | 46.9±14.6 | <0.0001 |
| Hyperuricemia (%) | 8.5 | 40.6 | <0.0001 |
| Serum uric acid (µmol/l) | 297±80 | 381±106 | <0.0001 |
Quantitative data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation and were compared between subjects with CKD and controls with the unpaired t-test. Categorical data were compared between the two groups with Pearson's χ2 test. Based on Bonferroni's correction, P<0.0026 (0.05/19) was considered statistically significant. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2; hypertension as a systolic BP of ≥140 mmHg, diastolic BP of ≥90 mmHg, or the taking of antihypertensive medication; diabetes mellitus as a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥6.93 mmol/l, blood hemoglobin A1c content of ≥6.5%, or the taking of antidiabetic medication; dyslipidemia as a serum triglyceride concentration of ≥1.65 mmol/l, serum HDL-cholesterol <1.04 mmol/l, serum LDL-cholesterol ≥3.64 mmol/l, or the taking of anti-dyslipidemic medication; chronic kidney disease as an eGFR of <60 ml min−1 1.73 m−2; and hyperuricemia as a serum uric acid concentration of >416 µmol/l or the taking of uric acid-lowering medication. CKD, chronic kidney disease; BP, blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.