Immunohistochemistry results of Nkd2 expression in rDFs. (A) Nkd2 staining was positive in DFs on postpartum day 1. (B) Peak staining appeared on day 3. (C) Nkd2 staining was weaker on day 5. (D) Nkd2 staining was absent in DFs on day 7. (E) Nkd2 staining remained absent on day 9. (F) Positive staining was detected again on day 11. (G) Positive staining was detected on day 13. (H) Control sections revealed no specific immunoreaction. Scale bar, 100 µm. (I) Expression trend of Nkd2 in DFs. Statistical analysis was performed with a Student's t-test; the results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. the negative group (values at week 0). (J) Immunofluorescence using a confocal laser-scanning microscope revealed that rDFs at passage 3 were positive for Nkd2 (magnification, ×400). Nkd2, naked cuticle homolog 2; rDFs, rat dental follicles; AM, adamantoblast; AB, alveolar bone; SR, stellate reticulum; NS, not significant.