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. 2018 Aug 9;42(5):2604–2614. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3817

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Copyright: © Wang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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HA/CNP for delivery of curcuminoid confers protection against knee joint lesions in rats with knee OA. (A) RT-qPCR assay showed that collagen II mRNA level was significantly increased and MMP-1 and MMP-13 mRNA levels in chondrocytes were significantly decreased after treatment with HA/CNP for delivery of curcuminoid. (B and C) Western blot analysis demonstrated that collagen II and I-κBα protein levels were significantly increased and MMP-1 and MMP-13 protein levels as well as the extent of I-κBα phosphorylation were decreased after treatment with HA/CNP for delivery of curcuminoid. (D) Under a microscope, HA/CNP for delivery of curcuminoid improved articular surface injury in OA rats. (E) H&E staining revealed that the knee joint surface was smooth and the cells were regularly arranged in OA rats treated with HA/CNP for delivery of curcuminoid (×400). (F) Toluidine blue staining revealed that knee joints are deeply stained with blue, the cartilages had a flat surface, the cells were orderly arranged and there were distinct layers in OA rats treated with HA/CNP for delivery of curcuminoid (×40). (G) Safranin O-fast green staining demonstrated that the knee joints were deeply stained with red, the cartilages had a flat surface, the cells were orderly arranged and there were distinct layers in OA rats treated with HA/CNP for delivery of curcuminoid (×400); ^*P<0.05 and ^**P<0.01 compared with the NC group. mRNA and protein value, as measurement data, were all expressed by the mean value ± standard deviation, the result of which were verified by one-way ANOVA; n=3; the experiments were repeated 3 times. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; HA, hyaluronic acid; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NC, negative control; ANOVA, analysis of variance; OA, osteoarthritis; CNP, chitosan nanoparticle.