Table 1. Mean Values of Cardiovascular and Autonomic Parameters after 24, 28, and 32 Hours of SD.
| Parameter | Baseline | 24-h SD | 28-h SD | 32-h SD | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemodynamic parameters | |||||
| HR (bps) | 57.8±8.3 | 56.2±7.6 | 59.0±12.5 | 60.1±8.1 | 0.000 |
| sBP (mm Hg) | 117.9±7.4 | 121.1±7.7 | 121.6±8.6 | 123.7±7.1 | 0.000 |
| dBP (mm Hg) | 72.9±6.5 | 76.3±5.8 | 75.4±6.5 | 75.6±6.5 | 0.003 |
| mBP (mm Hg) | 89.7±6.6 | 93.7±5.9 | 93.2±7.1 | 93.9±6.5 | 0.000 |
| SI (mL/m2) | 59.3±11.0 | 59.8±12.2 | 58.8±12.5 | 58.2±10.6 | 0.076 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 3.4±0.7 | 3.4±0.8 | 3.4±1.1 | 3.5±0.7 | 0.115 |
| TPRI (dyn · s · m2/cm5) | 2149.6±516.8 | 2316.3±655.6 | 2292.4±660.7 | 2222.9±574.1 | 0.096 |
| Cardiac contractility | |||||
| IC (1000/s) | 69.2±16.0 | 68.5±17.8 | 68.3±18.7 | 68.4±16.1 | 0.071 |
| ACI (100/s2) | 96.8±25.2 | 95.1±24.0 | 95.8±25.2 | 94.4±22.4 | 0.069 |
| HI (1/s2) | 0.4±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.4±0.1 | 0.171 |
| Spectral analysis of HR variability | |||||
| LF (ms2) | 1226.0±1150.9 | 955.5±703.8 | 1135.7±1056.9 | 871.0±692.0 | 0.235 |
| HF (ms2) | 926.6±734.0 | 800.1±901.1 | 1005.4±1054.9 | 743.1±735.0 | 0.198 |
| Spectral analysis of BP variability | |||||
| LF-sBP (mm Hg2) | 3.3±3.4 | 2.9±2.8 | 3.7±3.0 | 4.3±4.7 | 0.768 |
| HF-sBP (mm Hg2) | 1.3±0.9 | 1.0±0.7 | 1.3±1.2 | 1.3±1.1 | 0.965 |
| LF-dBP (mm Hg2) | 4.4±5.8 | 3.1±2.7 | 4.0±4.4 | 3.0±2.1 | 0.149 |
| HF-dBP (mm Hg2) | 0.9±0.8 | 0.8±1.0 | 1.2±2.2 | 0.9±1.0 | 0.647 |
| Baroreflex sensitivity | |||||
| Total-Events Slope (ms/mm Hg) | 26.2±16.1 | 27.5±13.1 | 28.6±12.3 | 23.3±11.2 | 0.731 |
SD, sleep deprivation;HR, heart rate; sBP, systolic blood pressure; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; mBP, mean blood pressure; SI, stroke index; CI, cardiac index; TPRI, total peripheral resistance index; IC, index of contractility; ACI, acceleration index; HI, Heather index; HF, high-band frequency spectrum; LF, low-band frequency spectrum.