Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for survival in whole patients
| Alive (n=7,014) | Death (n=866) | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | ||||||
| Without AC | 3,234 (85.4) | 555 (14.6) | Reference | |||
| With AC | 3,780 (92.4) | 311 (7.6) | 0.48 (0.42-0.55) | < 0.001 | ||
| No. of risks | ||||||
| 0 | 5,198 (91.4) | 486 (8.6) | Reference | |||
| 1 | 1,600 (84.2) | 300 (15.8) | 1.75 (1.52-2.02) | < 0.001 | ||
| 2 | 206 (73.6) | 74 (26.4) | 3.08 (2.41-3.93) | < 0.001 | ||
| 3 or 4 | 10 (62.5) | 6 (37.5) | 4.44 (1.99-9.94) | < 0.001 | ||
| Low-risk (< 1) | 5,198 (91.4) | 486 (8.6) | Reference | |||
| High-risk (≥ 1) | 1,816 (82.7) | 380 (17.3) | 1.93 (1.69-2.21) | < 0.001 | ||
| Combination of risk and AC | ||||||
| Low-risk and without AC | 2,616 (89.4) | 310 (10.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Low-risk and with AC | 2,582 (93.6) | 176 (6.4) | 0.56 (0.47-0.68) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.60-0.87) | 0.001 |
| High-risk and without AC | 618 (71.6) | 245 (28.4) | 2.65 (2.24-3.13) | < 0.001 | 1.73 (1.43-2.10) | < 0.001 |
| High-risk and with AC | 1,198 (89.9) | 135 (10.1) | 0.85 (0.69-1.04) | 0.106 | 0.84 (0.68-1.04) | 0.115 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 4,096 (88.2) | 549 (11.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Female | 2,918 (90.2) | 317 (9.8) | 0.82 (0.71-0.94) | 0.004 | 0.66 (0.57-0.76) | < 0.001 |
| Age (yr) | ||||||
| ≤ 45 | 361 (97.3) | 10 (2.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
| > 45 and ≤ 70 | 3,873 (94.6) | 222 (5.4) | 2.05 (1.09-3.87) | 0.026 | 1.92 (1.02-3.63) | 0.044 |
| > 70 | 2,780 (81.4) | 634 (18.6) | 7.92 (4.24-14.8) | < 0.001 | 5.44 (2.90-10.20) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (n=7,823) | ||||||
| ≤ 18 | 317 (77.7) | 91 (22.3) | 2.23 (1.79-2.78) | < 0.001 | 1.77 (1.41-2.21) | < 0.001 |
| > 18 and ≤ 25 | 4,614 (88.4) | 603 (11.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| > 25 | 2,043 (93.0) | 155 (7.1) | 0.59 (0.49-0.70) | < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.61-0.87) | 0.001 |
| Type of institution | ||||||
| Tertiary hospital | 3,667 (90.1) | 405 (10.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
| General hospital | 2,975 (87.3) | 433 (12.7) | 1.34 (1.17-1.53) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (1.04-1.38) | 0.011 |
| Hospital or clinic | 372 (93.0) | 28 (7.0) | 0.71 (0.49-1.05) | 0.083 | 1.00 (0.68-1.47) | 0.985 |
| ASA | ||||||
| I-II | 5,925 (91.7) | 536 (8.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| III | 1,045 (77.4) | 306 (22.7) | 3.14 (2.73-3.61) | < 0.001 | 1.94 (1.67-2.25) | < 0.001 |
| IV | 44 (64.7) | 24 (35.3) | 5.33 (3.54-8.03) | < 0.001 | 2.12 (1.37-3.30) | 0.001 |
| Emergency operation | ||||||
| No | 6,561 (90.3) | 703 (9.7) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 453 (73.5) | 163 (26.5) | 3.13 (2.64-3.71) | < 0.001 | 1.71 (1.39-2.09) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 63 (79.8) | 16 (20.3) | Reference | |||
| Perforated/Obstructive | 390 (72.6) | 147 (27.4) | 1.84 (1.09-3.09) | 0.022 | ||
| Resection margin (n=6,470) | ||||||
| Negative | 5,744 (89.8) | 654 (10.2) | Reference | |||
| Positive | 63 (87.5) | 9 (12.5) | 1.18 (0.61-2.27) | 0.631 | ||
| LVP invasion (n=1,369) | ||||||
| No | 651 (88.1) | 88 (11.9) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 525 (83.3) | 105 (16.7) | 1.44 (1.08-1.91) | 0.013 | ||
| Lymph node (n=7,494) | ||||||
| < 12 | 425 (83.2) | 86 (16.8) | Reference | |||
| ≥ 12 | 6,281 (90.0) | 702 (10.1) | 0.63 (0.50-0.79) | < 0.001 | ||
| Differentiation (n=3,488) | ||||||
| Well | 491 (85.8) | 81 (14.2) | Reference | |||
| Moderate | 2,403 (87.1) | 357 (12.9) | 0.9 (0.71-1.15) | 0.396 | ||
| Poorly+others | 126 (80.8) | 30 (19.2) | 1.38 (0.91-2.1) | 0.129 | ||
| Stage (n=4,392) | ||||||
| IIA | 3,480 (91.8) | 309 (8.2) | Reference | |||
| IIB-IIC | 514 (85.2) | 89 (14.8) | 1.89 (1.49-2.39) | < 0.001 | ||
The HR in multi-variate analysis was adjusted for sex, age, BMI, type of institutions, ASA, and emergency operation. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AC, adjuvant chemotherapy; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; LVP, lymphovascular or perineural.