Figure 1.

(A) Analyzed study cohort: From 406 patients with CCM, 73 (18.0%) patients harbored mCCM; n = 30 were operated and n = 43 patients were not operated. Forty-three surgical interventions were performed in total. Forty surgical interventions were performed in symptomatic patients and 3 surgical interventions were performed in asymptomatic patients. (B) Timepoint of surgical intervention: 14 surgical interventions were performed at first diagnosis and 29 surgical interventions were performed during FU. (C) Surgical Interventions due to CCM bleeding with FND: In 13 patients and 13 instances surgical interventions were performed at first diagnosis; whereas in 16 patients and 22 instances surgical intervention were performed during FU; CCM, cerebral cavernous malformations; n_p, number of patients; n_o, number of operations; FU, follow-up; FND, focal neurological deficits.