Skip to main content
. 2018 Oct 11;9:2426. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02426

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The membrane signaling CLRs can be assigned to different categories based on the modes of intracellular signaling. The ITAM containing CLRs either have tyrosine activating motifs in their cytoplasmic domains or interact with an ITAM-containing adapter protein. The hemi-ITAM CLRs require the interaction of two CLRs for signaling. The ITAM motif recruits Syk activating the CARD9/Bcl10/Malt-1 module to promote NF-κB signaling and expression of inflammatory genes. Dectin-1, an ITAM containing CLR has been shown activate ERK and NFATR through PLCγ2. The ITIM-containing CLRs recruit tyrosine phosphatases such as SHP-1 or SHP-2 which negative regulate heterologous inflammatory signaling pathways. Several CLRs do not possess ITAM or ITIM motifs in their cytoplasmic tails. For example, ligand binding to DC-SIGN results in formation of a signaling complex containing LSP1, KSR1, and CNK and the kinase Raf-1 which modulates inflammatory signaling through its acetylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB.