Figure 2.

Synthetic methods of MXenes for biomedicine. a) Schematic diagram for the synthesis of biocompatible MXenes, including HF etching (delamination), organic base molecules intercalation (disintegration), and surface functionalization with organic molecules or inorganic nanoparticles (surface modification). b) 2D ball‐and‐stick models and SEM images of precursor MAX phase for M₂X, e) SEM image of multilayer M₂X, and h) 3D ball‐and‐stick models and TEM image single‐layer M₂X‐based MXenes. Reproduced with permission.49 Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. c) 2D ball‐and‐stick models and SEM images of precursor MAX phase for M₃X₂, f) SEM image of multilayer M₃X₂, and i) 3D ball‐and‐stick models and TEM image single‐layer M₃X₂‐based MXenes. Reproduced with permission.45 Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. d) 2D ball‐and‐stick models and SEM images of precursor MAX phase for M₄X₃, g) SEM image of multilayer M₄X₃, and j) 3D ball‐and‐stick models and TEM image single‐layer M₄X₃‐based MXenes. Reproduced with permission.47 Copyright 2018, Wiley‐VCH.