Table 1. Summary of Lipid Species Detected in Healthy and Cholestatic Liver Tissuea.
| positive | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sample | bile duct | bile duct lumen | connective tissue | parenchyma |
| rat | NDb | NAc | PC and SM | PC |
| dog | NDb | NAc | PC and SM | PC |
| human | NDb | NAc | PC and SM | PC |
| mild PSC | NDb | NAc | PC and SM | PC |
| severe PSC | NDb | NAc | PC and SM | PC |
| negative | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sample | bile duct | bile duct lumen | connective tissue | parenchyma |
| rat | ST and ST–OH | BA (T) | PA, PS, and SM | PA, PE, and PI |
| dog | ST and ST–OH | BA (T) | PA, PS, and SM | PA, PE, and PI |
| human | ST and ST–OH | BA (G/T) | PA, PS, and SM | PA, PE, and PI |
| mild PSC | ST and ST–OH | BA (G/T) | PA, PS, and SM | PA, PE, and PI |
| severe PSC | ST and ST–OH | BA (G/T/S) and BIL | PA, PS, and SM | PA, PE, and PI |
a
Species in positive ion mode were observed as protonated ([M + H]+ molecule, sodium ([M + Na]+) and potassium ([M + K]+) adducts. Species in negative ion mode were observed as deprotonated ([M – H]−). Key: bile acids (BA), bilirubin (BIL), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), sulfatide (ST), and hydroxylated-sulfatide (ST–OH). Glycine (G), taurine (T), and sulfate (S).
b
No species related to the bile duct were detected in the positive ion mode.
c
Unknown species present in the bile duct lumen (identification in progress).