Time-course profile of midazolam (2 mg/kg, i.m.) on DFP-induced loss of NeuN(+) principle neurons in the hippocampus (HPC) and its subfields at 3 days after DFP exposure. (A) Representative sections of NeuN(+) immunostaining in brain section from animals treated with midazolam at 10, 40, 60, or 120 minutes after DFP exposure. (B) The bar charts depict stereologic quantification of absolute NeuN(+) cell numbers in the hippocampus subfields. (C) Percentage of protection of NeuN(+) cell loss in the hippocampal subfields in midazolam groups. Normalized neuroprotection of NeuN(+) surviving neurons is calculated using untreated DFP-exposed group as 0% protection. In this estimate, the control group not exposed to DFP was rated as 100% surviving cells because of lack of any NeuN(+) neuron loss in this group in any region. All midazolam-treated DFP-exposed rats exhibited <100% NeuN(+) surviving cells. Values represent the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 4–11 rats per group). *P < 0.05 versus control (no DFP); #P < 0.05 versus DFP group; &P < 0.05 versus DFP+MDZ 10-minute group (two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test).