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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Chem Biol. 2018 Oct 15;14(11):1051–1058. doi: 10.1038/s41589-018-0143-z

Figure 1. Sulfate Promotes the Acid-Induced Aggregation of Proteins.

Figure 1.

(a) 20 μM MBP was incubated in 10 mM HCl, pH 2, 150 mM NaCl (simulated gastric fluid) in the absence or presence of 150 mM ammonium sulfate. Aggregation, or lack thereof, was monitored over time by light scattering at 360 nm.

(b) SDS-PAGE analysis of the soluble and pellet fractions of 3 mg/mL periplasmic proteins from MG1655 E. coli that were incubated in simulated gastric fluid with or without ammonium sulfate, and in the absence or presence of 6 mg/mL purified HdeA at 37ºC for 1 hr. An uncropped gel can be seen in Supplementary Fig. 6.

(c) In vitro aggregation assays of 10 μM MBP in simulated gastric fluid supplemented with 150 mM sodium sulfate or ammonium chloride. These experiments were performed once.