Table 1.

Macro- and micro-states.

Macro-states	Wakefulness	REM sleep	Non-REM sleep			Anesthesia
			N1	N2	N3/SWS	Non-dissociative (e.g isoflurane, urethane)	Dissociative (e.g., ketamine)
Micro-states	Low arousal	Local slow oscillations in neocortical circuits	Global UP/DOWN states and spindles			Global, rhythmic UP/DOWN states, spindles	Sporadic UP/DOWN states, gamma bouts
	Medium arousal High arousal/locomotion
	Theta/alpha bouts		Local UP/DOWN states and spindles

This table presents an overview of the most relevant micro-states, i.e., subdivisions of the generally considered (macro-) brain states, based on the effect they have on how sensory information is processed. We thus here primarily refer to electrophysiological features of neocortical circuits. N1, N2 and N3 corresponds to the different stages of Non-REM sleep, based on Berry et al. (2017); N3, the deepest sleep stage, is also referred to as slow wave sleep (SWS); in rodents, Non-REM is usually not subdivided into stages.