PAH degradation activity and substrate range for nine RHDs (RHD-1 to -3 [A]; RHD-4 to -9 [B]) within strain P1. The decrease in the concentrations of the PAH parent compounds by E. coli cells expressing RHD genes (and associated ferredoxin and reductase genes) from strain P1 are presented relative to those of E. coli cells expressing only the RHD-associated ferredoxin and reductase genes. Values represent means ± standard deviations, which are given as error bars for triplicate incubations. Nap, naphthalene; Flu, fluoranthene; Ant, anthracene; Bip, biphenyl; Phe, phenanthrene; Pyr, pyrene; RHD-1 to -9, gene pairs corresponding to RHD-1 to -9 and their associated electron transport genes cloned into pRSET-A vectors and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) pLyS host cells.