Table 3. Association of P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1) with white matter hyperintensity volume (n = 1172).
| Unadjusted β* (95% CI) |
Adjusted for Demographics† β* (95% CI) |
Adjusted for Demographics and Risk Factors ‡ β* (95% CI) |
Adjusted for Demographics, Risk Factors, and Left Atrial Size β* (95% CI) (n = 958)§ |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| logPTFV1 | per SD | 0.082 (0.03–0.14) | 0.038 (-0.014–0.089) | 0.019 (-0.034–0.071) | 0.018 (-0.042–0.078) |
| PTFV1 |
Reference: First quartile (<2029.6 μV-ms) |
ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
| Second quartile (2029.6 μVms − 3063.0 μV-ms) |
0.096 (-0.06–0.26) | 0.059 (-0.086–0.20) | 0.036 (-0.11–0.18) | 0.026 (-0.14–0.19) | |
| Third quartile (3063.0 μVms − 4559.2 μVms) |
0.075 (-0.086–0.23) | 0.037 (-0.11–0.18) | 0.010 (-0.14–0.16) | 0.046 (-0.11–0.21) | |
| Fourth quartile (>4559.2 μVms) |
0.25 (0.088–0.41) | 0.13 (-0.01–0.28) | 0.085 (-0.064–0.23) | 0.074 (-0.094–0.24) | |
| PTFV1 | Reference: <5000 μV-ms | ref. | ref. | ref. | |
| >5000 μV-ms | 0.28 (0.14–0.42) | 0.18 (0.050–0.31) | 0.15 (0.014–0.28) | 0.14 (-0.017–0.29) | |
In a model adjusting for demographics and risk factors except left atrial size, white Matter Hyperintensity Volume, a measure of leukoariosis, is associated with PTFV1 above 5000 μV-ms, a threshold used in previous studies. However, the association lost significance after adjusting for left atrial size.
* β is the average difference in logWMHV.
† Demographics include: race-ethnicity, age, sex, insurance status, and education
‡ Risk factors include: baseline atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, diabetes, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, smoking, low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glomerular filtration rate
§ Excluded subjects did not have left atrial size measurements