Table 2. Effects of isoflavones and fescue seed type on volatile fatty acid concentrations in the fluid phase of an in vitro rumen fluid digestion (48 h).

VFA		Isoflavone Treatment1						SEM	P-value
		Control		Powder		Tablet
		Fescue Seed2
		E+	E-	E+	E-	E+	E-		Seed	Isoflavone Treatment	Seed × Isoflavone Treatment
Total VFA3 VFA4		23.55	20.00	19.66	17.98	21.84	17.90	2.73	0.06	0.33	0.86
			Acetate	55.22	59.29	57.85	58.85	56.38	58.39	2.08	0.14	0.82	0.73
	Propionate	35.24	31.23	31.15	30.78	34.23	31.30	2.38	0.07	0.34	0.56
	Butyrate	7.94	7.88	9.58	8.06	7.07	8.81	1.12	0.95	0.52	0.28
	Valerate	1.48	0.52	0.71	1.16	0.91	1.30	0.50	0.91	0.92	0.24
	IVMB5	0.81	1.05	0.76	0.81	0.75	0.84	0.24	0.15	0.35	0.68
	Acetate:Propionate	1.60	1.97	1.90	1.99	1.73	1.98	0.20	0.09	0.62	0.73

¹Treatment: control, isoflavone powder, or isoflavone pulverized tablet.

²Seed type: KY 31 endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue seed, KY 32 endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue seed.

³ Concentration in mMol

⁴ Concentration in mMol×100mMol^-1.

⁵IVMB: Isovalerate/methylbutyrate