. 2018 Oct 18;13(10):e0201866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201866

Table 3. Effects of isoflavones and fescue seed type on relative abundance of significant in vitro rumen bacterial taxa.

Classification	Percentage of total sequences¹						Effect	SEM	P-value⁴
	Treatment²
	Control		Powder		Tablet
	Fescue Seed³
	E+	E-	E+	E-	E+	E-
Actinomycetales_unclassified	0.0011^b	ND^b	0.013^ab	0.0027^b	0.012^ab	0.019^a	Treatment	0.0047	0.018
Alphaproteobacteria_unclassified	0.012^bc	0.017^abc	0.0255^ab	ND^c	0.0203^abc	0.037^a	Seed × Treatment	0.0071	0.020
*Anaeroplasma*	0.054^ab	0.067^ab	0.0233^b	0.075^ab	0.044^b	0.108^a	Seed × Treatment	0.019	0.037
*Anaerovibrio*	0.074^bc	0.014^c	0.244^a	0.104^bc	0.158^ab	0.096^bc	Seed	0.0447	0.027
*Arcobacter*	0.928^bc	0.277^c	1.44^b	2.34^a	1.39^b	0.574^bc	Seed × Treatment	0.2937	0.015
Bacteria_unclassified	4.06^b	5.56^a	5.54^a	4.16^ab	4.23^ab	5.49^ab	Seed × Treatment	0.4920	0.015
Bacteroidetes_unclassified	8.77^d	13.96^a	12.62^ab	10.11^cd	11.26^bc	11.58^abc	Seed × Treatment	0.8247	0.001
*Bulleidia*	0.079^b	0.21^a	0.11^b	0.12^b	0.086^b	0.096^b	Seed × Treatment	0.0219	0.019
Christensenellaceae_unclassified	0.81^b	1.61^a	0.742^b	0.801^b	0.721^b	0.941^b	Seed	0.1092	0.031
Clostridiales_unclassified	3.33^b	5.60^a	4.18^ab	3.92^b	3.22^b	3.98^b	Seed × Treatment	0.2961	0.039
*Corynebacterium*	0.041^c	0.065^bc	0.131^a	0.109^ab	0.066^bc	0.076^bc	Seed	0.0014	0.009
Endomicrobia_unclassified	ND^b	0.0115^a	ND^b	0.0015^b	0.0015^b	0.0056^ab	Seed × Treatment	0.0024	0.007
Gammaproteobacteria_unclassified	0.018^cd	0.06^ab	0.056^abc	0.013^d	0.043^bcd	0.083^a	Seed × Treatment	0.0152	0.006
*Megasphaera*	0.117^a	0.018^b	0.0411^b	0.0431^b	0.0344^b	0.0286^b	Seed × Treatment	0.0502	0.008
*Methylobacillus*	ND	0.0014	0.0043	0.0042	ND	ND	Treatment	0.0051	0.020
ML615J.28_unclassified	0.027^b	0.065^b	0.109^b	0.123^b	0.123^b	0.456^a	Treatment	0.3030	0.009
*Moraxella*	0.0092^ab	0.0012^b	0.0142^ab	0.0029^b	0.027^a	0.0088^ab	Seed	0.0038	0.030
*Olsenella*	0.0292^b	0.148^a	0.053^b	0.038^b	0.034^b	0.039^b	Seed × Treatment	0.0233	0.021
p.75.a5	0.028^c	0.103^a	0.047^bc	0.071^ab	0.063^abc	0.071^ab	Seed	0.0134	0.004
*Peptoniphilus*	0.0069^ab	ND^b	ND^b	0.0146^a	0.0063^ab	0.0044^b	Seed × Treatment	0.0033	0.011
Peptostreptococcaceae_unclassified	0.0578^a	0.0088^c	0.0024^c	0.0278^bc	0.0373^ab	0.0162^bc	Seed × Treatment	0.0094	0.003
Pirellulaceae_unclassified	0.066^b	0.196^a	0.0811^b	0.125^ab	0.0677^b	0.103^ab	Seed	0.0192	0.019
Planococcaceae_unclassified	0.095^a	0.0014^b	0.0044^b	0.0118^b	0.007^b	0.0136^b	Seed × Treatment	0.0168	0.010
*Proteiniclasticum*	1.45^ab	0.223^c	2.25^a	1.29^b	1.27^b	1.35^ab	Seed	0.1770	0.011
*Proteiniphilum*	0.097^ab	0.027^ab	0.0203^ab	0.0069^b	0.124^a	0.0148^b	Seed	0.0203	0.037
Proteobacteria_unclassified	0.157^b	0.196^b	0.272^ab	0.192^b	0.263^ab	0.378^a	Treatment	0.0332	0.021
*Pseudobutyrivibrio*	0.496^bc	0.237^c	1.11^ab	0.831^abc	1.24^a	0.681^abc	Treatment	0.1568	0.020
Ruminococcaceae_unclassified	2.18^cd	3.45^a	2.75^b	2.04^d	2.20^cd	2.66^bc	Seed × Treatment	0.1852	0.002
*Schwartzia*	0.0334^bc	0.0087^c	0.0766^ab	0.079^a	0.065^ab	0.060^ab	Treatment	0.0108	0.004
*Selenomonas*	0.219^bc	0.159^c	0.459^abc	0.629^a	0.543^ab	0.514^ab	Treatment	0.0842	0.012
SR1_unclassified	0.230^bc	0.0901^c	0.903^ab	0.950^a	0.954^a	0.607^abc	Treatment	0.236	0.0104
*Succiniclasticum*	0.672^b	1.67^a	0.662^b	0.774^b	0.627^b	0.632^b	Seed × Treatment	0.191	0.0349
*Succinivibrio*	0.002^b	0.014^a	ND^b	0.004^ab	0.0015^b	0.0088^ab	Seed	0.1670	0.027
Tenericutes_unclassified	1.21^cd	1.01^d	2.43^a	1.32^bcd	2.14^ab	2.07^abc	Seed	0.2967	0.008
*Treponema*	0.0078^a	ND^b	ND^b	0.0028^b	ND^b	0.0031^b	Seed × Treatment	0.0011	< 0.001
Wautersiella	0.445^b	0.797^b	0.865^ab	0.709^b	0.722^b	1.31^a	Seed × Treatment	0.153	< 0.001

¹ Data reported as LSMeans

² Treatment: control, isoflavone powder, or isoflavone pulverized tablet

³ Seed type: KY 31 endophyte infected (E+) tall fescue seed, KY 32 endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue seed

⁴Within a row, differences between treatment groups are considered significant at P ≤ 0.05, and trending toward significance at P ≤ 0.10

^abcd Different means separation letters within a row indicate significant differences among LSMeans